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Journal of Biosciences
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ISSN: 02505991

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Biomimetic research for architecture and building construction : biological design and integrative structures
Authors: --- ---
ISBN: 9783319463742 9783319463728 Year: 2016 Publisher: Cham Springer

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This book comprises a first survey of the Collaborative Research Center SFB-TRR 141 ‘Biological Design and Integrative Structures – Analysis, Simulation and Implementation in Architecture’, funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft since October 2014. The SFB-TRR 141 provides a collaborative framework for architects and engineers from the University of Stuttgart, biologists and physicists from the University of Freiburg and geoscientists and evolutionary biologists from the University of Tübingen. The programm is conceptualized as a dialogue between the disciplines and is based on the belief that that biomimetic research has the potential to lead everyone involved to new findings far beyond his individual reach. During the last few decades, computational methods have been introduced into all fields of science and technology. In architecture, they enable the geometric differentiation of building components and allow the fabrication of porous or fibre-based materials with locally adjusted physical and chemical properties. Recent developments in simulation technologies focus on multi-scale models and the interplay of mechanical phenomena at various hierarchical levels. In the natural sciences, a multitude of quantitative methods covering diverse hierarchical levels have been introduced. These advances in computational methods have opened a new era in biomimetics: local differentiation at various scales, the main feature of natural constructions, can for the first time not only be analysed, but to a certain extent also be transferred to building construction. Computational methodologies enable the direct exchange of information between fields of science that, until now, have been widely separated. As a result they lead to a new approach to biomimetic research, which, hopefully, contributes to a more sustainable development in architecture and building construction. .


Periodical
History and philosophy of the life sciences
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ISSN: 03919714 17426316 Year: 1979 Publisher: Firenze

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History of Philosophy of the Life Sciences is an interdisciplinary journal committed to providing an integrative approach to understanding the life sciences. In specific terms, it welcomes submissions from biologists, historians, philosophers, and scholars in the social study of science that offer broad and interdisciplinary perspectives on the development of biology, especially as these perspectives illuminate both biology's scientific development and its larger role in society. Submissions which are collaborative and feature different disciplinary approaches are especially encouraged, as are submissions written by senior and junior scholars (including graduate students). HPLS also welcomes submissions featuring novel formats. While it is anticipated most submissions will represent recent scholarship, they may also include essays on contemporary issues or perspectives, results of unique workshops, and/or discussions featuring a wide-range of perspectives. Papers are published on the understanding that they have not been published before and are not concurrently under offer to any other journal. Authors will usually receive a decision on their articles within 3 months of receipt. The languages of the journal are English, French, German, and Italian; however, other languages can be considered. Book reviews are published only in English.


Periodical
Bioscience Hypotheses
ISSN: 1876746X 17562392


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Plants and BioEnergy
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ISBN: 9781461493297 9781461493280 Year: 2014 Publisher: New York, NY Springer

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A country's vision for developing renewable and sustainable energy resources is typically propelled by three important drivers - security, cost, and environmental impact. The U.S. currently accounts for a quarter of the world's total oil consumption, with domestic demands necessitating - at an ever growing cost - a net import of more than 50% of the oil used in this country. At the same time, Brazil, because of its forward thinking on energy strategy, is today energy independent. As emerging economies around the world increase their petroleum use by large margins and as large fractions of that new consumption are necessarily supplied from unstable parts of the world, the inevitable repercussions on petroleum-driven economies will continue to escalate. In addition, there is an unequivocal imperative to take immediate and aggressive measures to reduce net greenhouse gas emissions by decreasing fossil fuel consumption and increasing our use of carbon-neutral or carbon-negative fuels as well as improving efficiency of fuel use. Economic growth and development worldwide depend increasingly on secure supplies of reliable, affordable, clean energy. Together with its counterpart societies, was convened the First Pan-American Congress on Plants and BioEnergy, which was held in June, 2008, in Mérida, Mexico. Sponsored by the American Society of Plant Biologists, this congress was designed to initiate Pan-American research collaborations in energy biosciences. At that congress, the organizational committee committed themselves to continue the meeting biennially, resulting in the 2nd Pan-American Congress on Plants and BioEnergy to be held with the endorsement of ASPB, July 6-10, 2010, in São Paulo, Brazil. Whereas the 1st congress covered a broad range of topics that bioenergy impacted, the second congress will focus more on the advances in plant biology: the genetic improvement of energy crop plants, their fit into regional environments, and the development of a sustainable energy agriculture.


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Atlas of Stem Anatomy in Herbs, Shrubs and Trees : Volume 2
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ISBN: 9783642204357 9783642204340 Year: 2013 Publisher: Berlin, Heidelberg Springer

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This work, published in two volumes, contains descriptions of the wood and bark anatomies of 3000 dicotyledonous plants of 120 families, highlighting the anatomical and phylogenetic diversity of dicotyledonous plants of the Northern Hemisphere. The first volume principally treats families of the Early Angiosperms, Eudicots, Core Eudicots and Rosids, while the second concentrates on the Asterids. Presented in Volume 2 are microsections of the xylem and phloem of herbs, shrubs and trees of 1000 species and ca. 35 families of various life forms of the temperate zone along altitudinal gradients from the lowland at the Mediterranean coast to the alpine zone in Western Europe. Special attention is given to the very diverse family of Asteraceae. The global perspective of the findings is underlined by the analysis of 400 species from the Caucasus, the Rocky Mountains and Andes, the subtropical zone on the Canary Islands, the arid zones in the Sahara, in Eurasia, Arabia and Southwest North America, New Zealand and the boreal and arctic zones in Eurasia and Canada. The presence of annual rings in all life forms demonstrates that herbs and dwarf shrubs are an excellent tool for the reconstruction of annual biomass production and the interannual dynamic of plant associations. The common principle of the anatomical expression of secondary growth is a key factor in understanding evolution and adaptation processes in all life forms, from the 3 cm tall crepide pigmea (Crepis pygmaea) in the alpine zone to the 40 m tall ash (Fraxinus excelsior) in Central European riparian forests. The study opens vast fields of research for dendrochronology, wood anatomy, taxonomy and ecology.


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Photosynthesis in Bryophytes and Early Land Plants
Authors: ---
ISBN: 9789400769885 9789400769878 Year: 2014 Publisher: Dordrecht Springer Netherlands

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Bryophytes, which are important constituents of ecosystems globally and often dominate carbon and water dynamics at high latitudes and elevations, were also among the pioneers of terrestrial photosynthesis. Consequently, in addition to their present day ecological value, modern representatives of these groups contain the legacy of adaptations that led to the greening of Earth. This volume brings together experts on bryophyte photosynthesis whose research spans the genome and cell through whole plant and ecosystem function and combines that with historical perspectives on the role of algal, bryophyte and vascular plant ancestors on terrestrialization of the Earth. The volume begins with an overview of what can be learned from bryophyte photosynthesis followed by the consideration of fossil, biogeochemical, systematic and comparative physiological evidence to understand three phases of terrestrialization: the transition to land from aquatic algal ancestors, the physiological adaptation of early land plants, and the diversification of plants and environments. Then the volume introduces new perspectives and reviews photosynthetic physiology across spatial and temporal scales in seven chapters that focus on the unique strategies of bryophytes in relation to genomics, carbon acquisition, chloroplast movement, photoprotection and canopy structure and on novel approaches to investigating bryophyte photosynthesis. After these perspectives, the volume emphasizes the ecological setting, showing how the photosynthetic physiology of bryophytes plays out within aquatic, peatland, tropical, dryland and Antarctic settings with discussions of implications of global change. Finally, the volume ends with a discussion of opportunities in bryophyte photosynthesis research and some useful resources. Overall, the eighteen well-illustrated chapters reveal unique physiological approaches to achieving carbon balance and dealing with environmental limitations and stresses that present an alternative, yet successful strategy for land plants.


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Plant Microtechniques and Protocols
Authors: --- --- ---
ISBN: 9783319199443 9783319199436 9783319199450 9783319359359 Year: 2015 Publisher: Cham Springer International Publishing

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This work gathers common plant microtechniques and updates their procedures using a simple and fully understandable approach. The text serves as a handy resource for scientists familiar with the protocols and as a guide for the novice, especially students just beginning to learn about various structural methods for the first time. This book analyzes a range of topics in order to generate cross-talks among scientists in different research disciplines. The first section of this volume covers the more commonly used embedding methods, with emphasis on the preparative methods for light and electron microscopy. A number of cell biology related protocols are compiled in the second section to showcase the usefulness of various techniques based on different processing and staining methods. The third section highlights some common and recent procedures in wood preparation. The last section includes botanical methods related to archaeological uses of plant materials. A special chapter on field and herbarium procedures is also included to serve as a guide to students interested in plant collection and taxonomic studies.


Periodical
Comptes rendus : biologies
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ISSN: 16310691 17683238 Year: 2002 Publisher: Paris Elsevier

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Open to all scientists. An article published in the Comptes Rendus is the first report of an important discovery or a significant result

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