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This book aims to explain briefly the essential features of the founding theories of economics, and compare them with later theories developed to address inconsistencies in outcomes. The earlier stages of this book are focused on the economic ideas and theories developed mainly between the 1930s and 1950s, because their emergence bred what were effectively new branches of economics. Over time, these economic theories have been gradually updated, but this updating has not necessarily addressed their theoretical difficulties. Roughly speaking, the updates converged towards behavioral science without eliminating the essential problems behind the theories. The idea of bounded rationality was a typical concern of these revisions. With universal rationality, then the core of the theory remained. The ideas of systems science were therefore increasingly less associated with this revisionist economic theory. However, even as these updates were being proposed, the world was dramatically changing. To use my favorite phrase, a car is no longer a car, but an adaptive cruising system, an air fighter is no longer an air fighter in the sense that stability is no longer part of its structural design. The control of modern vehicles is becoming further removed from human input. This also applies to the market. The revisionist approach therefore does not fully describe the essential transformations emerging in the world.
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marketingonderzoek --- Market research --- Marketing research --- Methodology. --- Marketing research - Methodology.
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Molecular biology --- Genetics --- Biochemistry --- Biochemistry --- Genetics --- Molecular biology --- Genetic Techniques. --- Molecular Biology --- Methodology --- Technique --- Methodology --- Methodology. --- Technique. --- Methodology. --- methods.
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In qualitative research, one can often hear the statement that research results are just (social) constructions. In criminal cases and in court hearings, we tend to expect that the true sequence of events has to be found rather than just any story. Here the author shows that qualitative social research can be conducted in the manner of police work or court proceedings. He does so by exhibiting how short pieces of transcriptions can be approached to uncover who, when, where, and how participated, what kind of social situation produced the transcription, and so on without any background knowledge other than that talk itself. Commenting on transcriptions of a researcher in the course of doing rigorous data analysis, readers learn doing ethnographically adequate accounts and critical institutional ethnography “at the elbow” of an experienced practitioners. Further topics include the role of turn sequences, the ethnomethods of knowledge-power and institutional relations, the documentary method of interpretation, and time-sensitive social analysis.
Teaching --- onderwijs --- opvoeding --- Research --- Methodology.
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experimenten --- biochemie --- General biochemistry --- Biochemistry --- Molecular biology --- Methodology --- Experiments --- Basic Sciences. Chemistry --- Experiments. --- Methodology. --- Biochemistry. --- Biochemistry - Methodology --- Biochemistry - Experiments --- Molecular biology - Methodology --- Molecular biology - Experiments
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e-commerce --- Methodology of economics --- globalisering --- kapitalisme
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Important New Tools for Managing Your Small Projects As Part of a Larger Program! The first edition of Project Management for Small Projects introduced project management processes, tools, and techniques that are scalable and adaptable to small projects. Project managers learned a structured, disciplined approach to managing small projects sensibly and realistically. This new edition is updated throughout to reflect the PMBOK® Guide, Fifth Edition, balancing the particular needs of small projects with the project management methodology. Project managers who are proficient at managing and leading their own projects are increasingly being called upon to work collaboratively with other project managers to lead components of a program. In addition to knowing how to manage processes and how to lead the team, project managers must now also know how to collaborate and share knowledge with other project managers. A new chapter on program management offers important insights and guidance for managing a group of related small projects in a coordinated way to obtain benefits and control not available from managing them individually.
Organization theory --- projectmanagement --- Project management --- Methodology.
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Tiziano Raffaelli (Pisa 1950) was a widely esteemed scholar in the field of the history and methodology of economics, who died suddenly in January 2016 while still in the midst of working and of developing projects for new lines of research. He was a philosopher of science by formation and a historian of economic ideas by professional choice, with interests covering a vast area, ranging from the 18th to the 20th century and from Europe to the US. Where he left an indelible mark, however, was in his interpretation of Alfred Marshall's economic theory and its reverberations through Keynes on the one hand, and the Cambridge school of industrial economics on the other. Raffaelli's research in this field offered a completely new view of the core and meaning of Marshall's work and of its relevance for 21st century social scientists. In the process, it stimulated a new and fruitful research program in Marshallian economics. This volume consists of two parts. The first is devoted to illustrating the above-mentioned changes in the understanding of Marshallian economics and Raffaelli's role in bringing them about. The second part offers a collection of essays documenting some more recent developments in fields related to Marshall and his influence, including welfare economics and industrial organization, Marshall's legacy in Cambridge economics, the Chicago school, and beyond. The contributors to this volume range from leading senior scholars in the field to exceptional young scholars, and their contributions illustrates a myriad of ways in which the "new view" of Marshall inspired by Raffaelli's work influences our understanding of the history of economics from the late 19th century onward. This book will be of international interest to scholars working in the history of economic thought, and will also appeal to philosophers of science, methodologists, intellectual historians, and those who specialize in industrial organisation. .
Methodology of economics --- Economic schools --- History --- geschiedenis
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This volume provides a state-of-the-art presentation and discussion of procedures, especially what works and what doesn’t — on isotopic proveniencing, learned over the last 30 years. The volume focuses on application, not method, to emphasize to the reader the wide range of questions that can be addressed using isotopic proveniencing. Topics covered include samples, baselines, isoscapes, and place of origin. Isotopic proveniencing has become almost standard procedure in the analysis of archaeological burials as a means of distinguishing locals from foreigners. The combination of isotopic proveniencing and DNA has moved archaeological interest in migration and mobility to the fore, but there is very little synthetic work published for either technology.The field has evolved and new procedures and guidelines have emerged that have not been widely heard and this volume seeks to rectify this. The contributors have been selected from among the leaders in the field, those with active research and hands-on experience with the technology. This volume is of relevance to archaeologists.
Archeology --- archeologie --- Archaeology—Methodology. --- Archaeology. --- Archaeological Methods and Modelling. --- Archaeology --- Anthropology, Prehistoric. --- Stable isotopes. --- Methodology.
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Medicine --- Health Services Research --- Research --- Methodology --- methods. --- Methodology. --- Human medicine --- Health & Medicine (General) --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- research methodology --- review methodology --- clinical trial methodology --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Health Workforce --- Health & Medicine (General). --- Medical Research
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