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This book shows that the problem of climate adaptation, which is described in social planning terms as ‘wicked,’ is at odds with the contemporary practice of spatial planning. The author proposes a new adjusted framework which is more adaptable to unpredictable, wicked, dynamic and non-linear processes. The inspiration for this new method is the behaviour of swarms: bees, ants, birds and fish are capable of self-organization, which enables the system to become less vulnerable to sudden environmental changes. The framework proposed in Swarm Planning consists of these four elements: Two levels of complexity, the first being the whole system and the second its individual components. Each of these has different attributes for adapting to change. Five layers, consisting of networks, focal points, unplanned space, natural resources and emerging occupation patterns. Each layer has its own spatial dynamic, and each is connected to a spatial scale. Non-linear processes, which emerge in different parts of the framework and include emerging patterns, connectedness and tipping points among others. Two planning processes; the first, ‘from small to large’ works upward from the slowest changing elements to more rapidly-changing ones. The second, ‘on the list of partners’ addresses each layer from networks through emerging occupation patterns. Swarm Planning applies this framework to a series of pilot studies, and appraises its performance using criteria for an adaptive landscape. The results show that the use of the Swarm Planning Framework reduces the vulnerability of landscapes as well as the impact of climate hazards and disasters, improves response to unexpected hazards and contains adaptation strategies. “This book is a must for planners in government and the private sector as it outlines the concept, strategies and techniques for swarm planning. It is also an important guide for policymakers looking to engage communities in a dialogue about the adaptation planning process.” Professor John Martin, La Trobe University “The ultimate value of the book lies in encouraging the planning community to consider options that go far beyond those offered by business-as-usual planning methodologies developed for a set of operating conditions that are fast becoming obsolete. As such it makes an important and much needed contribution to the field.” Assistant Professor Dr. Chrisna du Plessis, University of Pretoria.

Science --- Meteorology. Climatology --- Environmental protection. Environmental technology --- Production management --- Environmental planning --- Architecture --- Economic geography --- Geography --- landschapsarchitectuur --- milieukunde --- ruimtelijke ordening --- wetenschap --- milieu --- steden --- architectuur --- duurzame ontwikkeling --- wetenschappen --- geografie --- landenkunde --- klimaatverandering

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One important change in the Brazilian policies is the Pacification. In recent years the government has invested in creating safer and more livable favelas. This generally starts with creating a UPP, a police post at a central location, from where the safety is maintained. Once this has been established the PAC, the government organisation for accelerating urban development in the favelas, starts to make plans to improve the quality of life in the favela: drinking water, electricity, sewage system and other basic systems. It is essential to include the growth of food in their policies. Secondly, the discourse in urban agriculture shifts from the early stage in which every initiative is interesting, food production is a social activity and an estimated contribution to sustainability, towards the question how much food is actually produced within the city boundaries. Analyses show that the amount produced is very little. The follow-up question is how more food could be produced in the city? This is obviously also a matter of space. Current urban concepts do not offer enough space for food production and this implies new concepts need to be found. In the context of the favelas these new spaces need to be found on roofs.

Sociology --- Economic order --- Economic policy and planning (general) --- Economic conditions. Economic development --- Development aid. Development cooperation --- Agriculture. Animal husbandry. Hunting. Fishery --- Food science and technology --- Environmental planning --- Economic geography --- ontwikkelingsbeleid --- ruimtelijke ordening --- sociologie --- duurzaamheid --- landbouw --- steden --- ontwikkelingssamenwerking --- voedingsleer --- economische ontwikkelingen --- ontwikkelingspolitiek --- geografie --- Brazil

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This book emphasizes new ways of designing for a sustainable city and urban environment. From several angles the future of our urbanism is illuminated. From a philosophical point of view, the city is seen as an organism, following complex ecosystemic principles, shining light on indigenous perspectives to become beneficial for sustainable design and core questions are asked whether current architectural practice is really sustainable. Simultaneously concrete practices are presented for cities in transformation, focusing on green infrastructure, smart city principles and health.

Building design --- Building materials. Building technology --- Civil engineering. Building industry --- Architecture --- Economic geography --- ruimtelijke ordening --- bouwkunde --- architectuur --- duurzame ontwikkeling --- ingenieurswetenschappen --- bouw

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Urban planning practice will undergo significant changes in the upcoming decades, due to major changes and challenges the world has to deal with, such as loss of biodiversity loss, climate change impacts, agricultural transformation, water management issues and health. The way the urban professional has to relate to this new order is explored in this book by collecting a series of conversational chapters with local, regional, national and international experts in the fields of urban planning and design, urban and building development, building and construction industry, architecture, governments and academia. The unification of a desirable future with real world processes such as economic and decision-making practice is key. Moreover, the attitude of the future urban professional will more and more shift from an expert in a specific field to a communicative advisor in complex processes.

Building design --- Building materials. Building technology --- Environmental planning --- Architecture --- Social geography --- Geography --- landschapsarchitectuur --- ruimtelijke ordening --- bouwkunde --- steden --- architectuur --- landenkunde --- Architecture. --- Landscape architecture. --- Buildings --- Human geography. --- Cities, Countries, Regions. --- Landscape Architecture. --- Building Construction and Design. --- Human Geography. --- Design and construction.

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This book discusses the way to design and plan for regenerative cities and landscapes. Where sustainability aims to safeguard the resources for future generations, and the resilience concept focuses on dealing with shocks to keep the system functioning, regeneration aims to give back more than it takes from the system. This principle is often used in analytical and assessment literature, but not yet elaborated in a spatial planning and design context, which this book does. It offers insights from a range of perspectives, spatial scales, such as the country level, neighbourhood public space, streets and the building levels, scientific fields and continents, amongst which Africa, Oceania, and Europe.

Building design --- Building materials. Building technology --- Environmental planning --- Architecture --- Geography --- landschapsarchitectuur --- bouwkunde --- steden --- architectuur --- landenkunde