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Sebastian (Saint) ca. 265-288 --- Martyrdom (Christianity) --- SEBASTIEN, SAINT

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Concepts of voluntary death and martyrdom versus the ideal of preserving human life are an essential component of the Ethics of the Abrahamite religions throughout their history. The studies collected in this volume focus on concepts of voluntary death and martyrdom in the Hebrew Bible, Second Temple Period Judaism, Early Christianity and its pagan environment, Rabbinic Judaism as well as in Islam. The contributions of scholars of different background present a broad panorama of the varied perspectives of the Abrahamite religions on this phenomenon. The established concepts of martyrdom are challenged as too schematic. Betrachtungen über das Ideal eines freiwilligen Todes für den eigenen Glauben oder eines Martyriums, das in scharfem Gegensatz zum Gebot der Lebensbewahrung steht, ziehen sich durch die Geschichte der abrahamitischen Religionen. Der vorliegende interdisziplinäre Band versammelt Forschungen zu den Vorstellungen eines religiös begründeten freiwilligen Todes oder Martyriums in der Hebräischen Bibel, im Judentum des Zweiten Tempels, im Frühchristentum und seiner paganen Umwelt, im rabbinischen Judentum und im Islam. Die Beiträge verdeutlichen die unterschiedlichen Perspektiven der abrahamitischen Religionen auf dieses Phänomen. Es zeigt sich, dass die übergreifende, verallgemeinernde Charakterisierung jedes religiös bedingten freiwilligen Sterbens als 'Martyrium' der Komplexität des Phänomens nicht gerecht wird.

Martyrdom --- Christianity --- History --- 235.3*7 --- Death --- Suffering --- Martyrs --- Martelaren --- Religious aspects --- Conferences - Meetings --- 235.3*7 Martelaren --- Martyrdom - Christianity - History - Early church, ca. 30-600 --- Martyrdom - Christianity - History - Middle Ages, 600-1500 --- Martyres

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This volume brings together seven seminal papers by the great radical historian Geoffrey de Ste. Croix, who died in 2000, on early Christian topics, with a special focus on persecution and martyrdom. Christian martyrdom is a topic which conjures up ready images of inhumane persecutors confronted by Christian heroes who perish for the instant but win the long-term battle for reputation. In five of these essays Ste. Croix scrutinizes the evidence to reveal the significant role of Christians themselves, first as volunteer martyrs and later, after the triumph of Christianity in the early fourth century, as organizers of much more effective persecutions. A sixth essay pursues the question of the control of Christianity through a comprehensive study of the context for one of the Church's most important and divisive doctrinal decisions, at the Council of Chalcedon (AD 451); the key role of the emperor and his senior secular officials is revealed, contrary to the prevailing interpretation of Church historians. Finally the attitudes of the early Church towards property and slavery are reviewed, to show the divide between the Gospel message and actual practice.

Persecution --- Martyrdom --- Church history --- Christianity --- Martyrdom (Christianity) --- Persecution. --- Christianity. --- 272 <37> --- Christians --- Religious persecution --- Atrocities --- Apostolic Church --- Church, Apostolic --- Early Christianity --- Early church --- Primitive and early church --- Primitive Christianity --- Fathers of the church --- Great Apostasy (Mormon doctrine) --- Christian martyrs --- Kerkvervolging--Rome. Oud-Italië --- Persecutions --- Martyrdom - Christianity --- Church history - Primitive and early church, ca. 30-600 --- Persécutions --- Martyre --- Chalcédoine --- Conciles --- Elvire

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Church history --- Geschiedenis [Godsdienstige ] --- Geschiedenis [Religieuze ] --- Godsdienstige geschiedenis --- Histoire de l'Église --- Histoire ecclésiastique --- Histoire religieuse --- History [Religious ] --- Hystoria ecclesiastica --- Kerkgeschiedenis --- Kirchengeschichte --- Religieuze geschiedenis --- Religious history --- Storia della Chiesa --- Storia ecclesiastica --- Église -- Histoire --- Martyrdom --- Memory --- Christianity --- Social aspects --- 272 <37> --- Kerkvervolging--Rome. Oud-Italië --- Church history. --- Christianity. --- Social aspects. --- Retention (Psychology) --- Martyrdom (Christianity) --- Ecclesiastical history --- History, Church --- History, Ecclesiastical --- History --- Intellect --- Psychology --- Thought and thinking --- Comprehension --- Executive functions (Neuropsychology) --- Mnemonics --- Perseveration (Psychology) --- Reproduction (Psychology) --- Christian martyrs --- Martyrdom - Christianity --- Memory - Social aspects --- Martyres

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This book examines the historical context of the earliest Christian martyrs, and anchors their grisly and often wilful self-sacrifice to the everyday life and outlook of the cities of the Roman empire. Professor Bowersock begins by investigating both the time and the region in which martyrdom, as we know it, came into being. He also offers comparisons of the Graeco-Roman background with the martyrology of Jews and Muslims. A study of official protocols illuminates the bureaucratic institutions of the Roman state as they applied to the first martyrs; and the martyrdoms themselves are seen within the context of urban life (and public spectacle) in the great imperial cities. By considering martyrdom in relation to suicide, the author is also able to demonstrate the peculiarly Roman character of Christian self-sacrifice in relation to other forms of deadly resistance to authority.

Persecution --- Martyrdom --- Persécutions --- Martyre --- History --- Christianity --- History of doctrines --- Histoire --- Christianisme --- Histoire des doctrines --- Rome --- Politics and government --- Politique et gouvernement --- -Martyrdom --- -Death --- Suffering --- Martyrs --- Christians --- Religious persecution --- Atrocities --- -Christianity --- -History of doctrines --- -Religious aspects --- Religious aspects --- Persecutions --- -Persecution --- -History --- -Rome --- -Christians --- -Persecutions --- Persécutions --- Church history --- Death --- Primitive and early church, ca. 30-600 A.D. --- Martyrdom (Christianity) --- 30 B.C.-476 A.D. --- Arts and Humanities --- Persecution - History - Early church, ca. 30-600 --- Martyrdom - Christianity - History of doctrines - Early church, ca. 30-600 --- Rome - Politics and government - 30 B.C.-476 A.D