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Abstract: This paper discusses the importance of acknowledging and understanding the heterogeneity among cooperatives. Many studies on agricultural cooperatives, particularly on the impact of membership, do not account for the large differences in organisational and functional characteristics across cooperatives. We identify and discuss five core differences that have implications for theoretical and empirical research. We propose a classification that can be used by scholars in their research on understanding the evolution, performance and impact of producer cooperatives, and that can be used by policy makers in better targeting their support policies. Keywords: Cooperatives, agriculture, typology, transactions, governance, evolution, performance, impact. JEL Codes: L2, D23, Q13

Cooperative societies --- Agriculture --- Corporate governance --- Industrial efficiency

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65.011.54 --- Automatic machinery --- Mechanization --- Industrial efficiency --- Machinery, Automatic --- Machinery --- Automation --- Automatic machinery. --- Mechanization. --- 65.011.54 Mechanization

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Suggestion systems --- Industrial efficiency --- Motivation (personnel) Motivatie (personeel) --- Pilotage Besturing --- Problèmes Problemen --- Créativité Creativiteit --- Rémunération Bezoldiging --- Qualité totale Integrale kwaliteitszorg --- Chefs Diensthoofden --- Groupes Groepen

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This subscription provides one copy of the current annual print edition of STAN: OECD Structural Analysis Statistics, as well as online access to electronic versions of the tables appearing in the print version. These ready-made electronic tables are available in three formats: XLS, HTML, and PDF. The STAN database for industrial analysis provides analysts and researchers with a comprehensive tool for analysing industrial performance at a relatively detailed level of activity across countries. It includes annual measures of output, labour input, investment and international trade broken down by International Standard Industrial Classification codes including those covering services. This enables users to construct a wide range of indicators to focus on areas such as productivity growth, competitiveness and general structural change.

Industrial statistics --- Industrial productivity --- Industrial productivity. --- Industrial statistics. --- OECD countries. --- Productivity, Industrial --- TFP (Total factor productivity) --- Total factor productivity --- Industries --- OECD member countries --- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries --- Statistics --- Industrial efficiency --- Production (Economic theory) --- Industry and Services

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Barriers to entry (Industrial organization) --- Industrial organization (Economic theory) --- Competition --- Industrial efficiency --- Econometric models. --- 330.115.001.57 --- 658.112 --- -Competition --- -Industrial efficiency --- -Industrial organization (Economic theory) --- -Industrial economics --- Market structure --- Microeconomics --- Efficiency, Industrial --- Industrial management --- Competition (Economics) --- Competitiveness (Economics) --- Economic competition --- Commerce --- Conglomerate corporations --- Covenants not to compete --- Industrial concentration --- Monopolies --- Open price system --- Supply and demand --- Trusts, Industrial --- Entry, Barriers to (Industrial organization) --- Restraint of trade --- Trade regulation --- Diversification in industry --- Econometrische modellen. Simulatiemodellen --- Site, location, place of business --- Econometric models --- -Econometrische modellen. Simulatiemodellen --- 658.112 Site, location, place of business --- 330.115.001.57 Econometrische modellen. Simulatiemodellen --- -658.112 Site, location, place of business --- Industrial economics --- Economic aspects --- Efficiency [Industrial ] --- Barriers to entry (Industrial organization) - Econometric models. --- Industrial organization (Economic theory) - Econometric models. --- Competition - Econometric models. --- Efficiency, Industrial - Econometric models. --- Industrial efficiency - Econometric models.