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The 21st Century has so far witnessed a host of large-scale disasters in various parts of the world including: windstorms, flooding, new diseases infesting both humans and animals, terrorist attacks and major disruptions to critical infrastructures. It is not just the nature of major risks that seems to be changing, but also the context in which risks are evolving as well as society’s capacity to manage them.  This book explores the implications of these developments for economy and society in the 21st century, focussing in particular on the potentially significant increase in the vulnerability of major systems.  It concentrates on five large risk clusters: natural disasters, technological accidents, infectious diseases, food safety and terrorism, identifies the challenges facing OECD countries and sets out recommendations for governments and the private sector as to how the management of emerging systemic risks might be improved.

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Raging floods, massive storms and cataclysmic earthquakes: every year up to 340 million people are affected by these and other disasters, which cause loss of life and damage to personal property, agriculture, and infrastructure. So what can be done? The key to understanding the causes of disasters and mitigating their impacts is the concept of 'vulnerability'. Mapping Vulnerability analyses 'vulnerability' as a concept central to the way we understand disasters and their magnitude and impact. Written and edited by a distinguished group of disaster scholars and practitioners, this book is a counterbalance to those technocratic approaches that limit themselves to simply looking at disasters as natural phenomena. Through the notion of vulnerability, the authors stress the importance of social processes and human-environmental interactions as causal agents in the making of disasters. They critically examine what renders communities unsafe - a condition, they argue, that depends primarily on the relative position of advantage or disadvantage that a particular group occupies within a society's social order. The book also looks at vulnerability in terms of its relationship to development and its impact on policy and people's lives, through consideration of selected case studies drawn from Africa, Asia and Latin America. Mapping Vulnerability is essential reading for academics, students, policymakers and practitioners in disaster studies, geography, development studies, economics, environmental studies and sociology.

Disaster relief --- Natural disasters --- Human beings --- Political ecology --- Secours aux victimes de catastrophes --- Catastrophes naturelles --- Homme --- Ecologie politique --- Effect of environment on --- Influence de l'environnement --- Microfinanciering en -verzekeringen Algemeen --- 14.01 --- Microfinanciering en -verzekeringen ; Algemeen --- Social ecology --- Green movement --- Homo sapiens --- Human race --- Humanity (Human beings) --- Humankind --- Humans --- Man --- Mankind --- People --- Hominids --- Persons --- Natural calamities --- Disasters --- Disaster assistance --- Emergency assistance in disasters --- Emergency relief --- Emergency management --- Human services --- Case studies --- Disaster relief - Case studies --- Natural disasters - Case studies --- Human beings - Effect of environment on - Case studies --- Political ecology - Case studies

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Perçues comme un moment exceptionnel et tragique de l’histoire des communautés anciennes, les catastrophes naturelles ne cessèrent, tout au long de l’Antiquité, de susciter l’étonnement, l’irraison et la peur. Elles furent l’objet de débats entre les défenseurs d’une opinion rationnelle, fondée sur la compréhension de l’harmonie et de la démesure du monde, et ceux qui, intrigués par la violence de tels phénomènes, en tenaient pour responsables les divinités. Il est néanmoins frappant de constater que les Grecs ne disposaient pas de mot pour désigner une catastrophe naturelle. L’enquête proposée ici repose donc sur une définition et un paradigme contemporains, l’étude des implications sociales qu’un aléa naturel impose aux sociétés. Loin de céder au fatalisme, les communautés surent s’adapter progressivement aux contraintes de leur environnement, tirèrent de ces expériences des enseignements au sujet des comportements à adopter et prirent des mesures efficaces afin de surmonter l’événement dévastateur. Les réactions populaires soulignent aussi la variété des attitudes face aux catastrophes : actes de bravoure ou de piété religieuse, évacuation des zones sinistrées, sollicitation des réseaux de voisinage, reconstruction des édifices ruinés. Ces réponses apportées au désastre révèlent les réalités quotidiennes dans les cités grecques. La catastrophe ne rompt ainsi pas le temps vécu, mais s’inscrit, au contraire, dans un processus historique de longue durée. Throughout Antiquity, natural disasters, seen as exceptional and tragic moments in the history of ancient communities, never ceased to evoke astonishment, irrationality and fear. They were the subject of debates between the defenders of rational opinions founded on an understanding of the world’s harmony and excess, and those who were puzzled by the violence of such phenomenas and held the gods responsible for them. Nevertheless, it is a surprise to discover that the Greeks did not have a word for ‘natural…

Natural disasters --- Catastrophes naturelles --- History --- Risk assessment --- Social aspects --- Religious aspects. --- Histoire --- Evaluation du risque --- Aspect social --- Aspect religieux --- Greece --- Grèce --- Social life and customs --- History. --- Themes, motives --- Archéologie et catastrophes naturelles --- Hazardous geographic environments --- Disaster relief --- Earthquake resistant design --- Flood damage prevention --- City planning --- Forced migration --- Forecasting. --- Government policy --- Safety measures --- Environmental aspects --- Religious life and customs. --- Grèce --- Cleansing, Ethnic --- Compulsory resettlement --- Ethnic cleansing --- Ethnic purification --- Involuntary resettlement --- Migration, Forced --- Purification, Ethnic --- Relocation, Forced --- Resettlement, Involuntary --- Migration, Internal --- Cities and towns --- Civic planning --- Land use, Urban --- Model cities --- Redevelopment, Urban --- Slum clearance --- Town planning --- Urban design --- Urban development --- Urban planning --- Land use --- Planning --- Art, Municipal --- Civic improvement --- Regional planning --- Urban policy --- Urban renewal --- Flood hazard mitigation --- Flood proofing --- Flood protection --- Floodproofing --- Flood control --- Floods --- Hazard mitigation --- Aseismic design --- Seismic design --- Earthquake engineering --- Structural design --- Vertical evacuation structures --- Disaster assistance --- Emergency assistance in disasters --- Emergency relief --- Emergency management --- Human services --- Natural calamities --- Disasters --- Environments, Hazardous geographic --- Human ecology --- Management --- Griechische Welt --- Griechenland --- antike geschichtsschreibung --- Altes Griechenland --- naturkatastrophe --- Archéologie et catastrophes naturelles