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Moishe Postone undertakes a fundamental reinterpretation of Karl Marx's mature critical theory. He calls into question many of the presuppositions of traditional Marxist analyses and offers new interpretations of Marx's central arguments. He does so by developing concepts aimed at grasping the essential character and historical development of modern society, and also at overcoming the familiar dichotomies of structure and action, meaning and material life. These concepts lead him to an original analysis of the nature and problems of capitalism and provide the basis for a critique of 'actually existing socialism'. According to this new interpretation, Marx identifies the core of the capitalist system with an impersonal form of social domination generated by labor and the industrial production process are characterized as expressions of domination generated by labor itself and not simply with market mechanisms and private property. Proletarian labor and the industrial production process are characterized as expressions of domination rather than as means of human emancipation. This reinterpretation entails the form of economic growth and the structure of social labor in modern society to the alienation and domination at the heart of capitalism. This reformulation, Postone argues, provides the foundation for a critical social theory that is more adequate to late twentieth-century capitalism.

Critical theory. --- Frankfurt school of sociology. --- Marxian economics. --- Social Sciences --- Sociology --- Critical theory --- Frankfurt school of sociology --- Marxian economics --- Théorie critique --- Ecole de Francfort (Sociologie) --- Economie marxiste

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Philosophy, German --- Frankfurt school of sociology --- Critical theory --- Negativity (Philosophy) --- Philosophie allemande --- Ecole de Francfort (Sociologie) --- Théorie critique --- Négativité (Philosophie) --- Théorie critique --- Négativité (Philosophie)

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From the beginning to the end of his career, the critical theorist Theodor W. Adorno sustained an uneasy but enduring bond with existentialism. His attitude overall was that of unsparing criticism, verging on polemic. In Kierkegaard he saw an early paragon for the late flowering of bourgeois solipsism; in Heidegger, an impresario for a “jargon of authenticity” cloaking its idealism in an aura of pseudo-concreteness and neo-romantic kitsch. Even in the straitened rationalism of Husserl’s phenomenology Adorno saw a vain attempt to break free from the prison-house of consciousness. Most scholars of critical theory still regard these philosophical exercises as marginal works—unfortunate lapses of judgment for a thinker otherwise celebrated for dialectical mastery. Yet his persistent fascination with the philosophical canons of existentialism and phenomenology suggests a connection far more productive than mere antipathy. From his first published book on Kierkegaard’s aesthetic to the mature studies in negative dialectics, Adorno was forever returning to the philosophies of bourgeois interiority, seeking the paradoxical relation between their manifest failure and their hidden promise. Ultimately, Adorno saw in them an instructive if unsuccessful attempt to realize his own ambition: to escape the enchanted circle of idealism so as to grasp “the primacy of the object.” Exercises in “immanent critique,” Adorno’s writings on Kierkegaard, Husserl, and Heidegger present us with a photographic negative—a philosophical portrait of the author himself. In Adorno and Existence, Peter E. Gordon casts new and unfamiliar light on this neglected chapter in the history of Continental philosophy.

Frankfurt school of sociology. --- Existentialism. --- Ecole de Francfort (Sociologie) --- Existentialisme --- Adorno, Theodor W., --- Kierkegaard, Sren, --- Criticism and interpretation --- Existentialism --- Frankfurt school of sociology --- Kierkegaard, Sıren, --- Adorno, Theodor W, --- Religion --- Kierkegaard, Søren, --- Criticism and interpretation. --- Kierkegaard, Søren, - 1813-1855 - Religion --- Adorno, Theodor W., - 1903-1969 --- Kierkegaard, Søren, - 1813-1855

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Sociology --- -Marxian school of sociology --- -Marxian sociology --- Marxist sociology --- Sociology, Marxian --- Sociology, Marxist --- Communism and society --- Schools of sociology --- Frankfurt school of sociology --- Social theory --- Social sciences --- History --- -History --- Marxian school of sociology --- Marxian sociology

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Critical theory. --- Social sciences --- Sociology --- Philosophy. --- Critical theory --- Kritische theorie --- Théorie critique --- Social philosophy --- Social theory --- Critical social theory --- Critical theory (Philosophy) --- Critical theory (Sociology) --- Negative philosophy --- Criticism (Philosophy) --- Philosophy, Modern --- Rationalism --- Frankfurt school of sociology --- Socialism --- Philosophy