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The author presents a reedition of the 'Qumran Canticles scrolls', demonstrating that turn-of-the-era 4QCanta,b contain variant recensions of Canticles, substantively shorter than the Masoretic text. Many textual variants display earlier and more original readings, suggesting that Canticles was finalized only around the turn of the era. The archaeology of post-exilic Judea, Perea, and Jerusalem is brought in dialogue with the texts. The Hasmonean Jewish kingdom, rapidly expanding from 112 B.C.E., is suggested as historical background for the growing collection of love songs, some toponyms only giving meaning in this period. The capital of the new Jewish state allowed more open relations between men and women and stimulated a land romanticism reflected in many songs. In this milieu Jerusalem scribes collected and edited human love songs and coloured them with allusions to biblical texts, thereby inviting a symbolic (double) reading: both on earthly love and the relation between God and his people.

Jews --- 223.6 --- 223.6 Cantique ou Cantique des Cantiques --- 223.6 Hooglied --- Cantique ou Cantique des Cantiques --- Hooglied --- History --- Herodian dynasty, --- Bible. --- Aga-sŏ (Book of the Old Testament) --- Asma Asmatōn (Book of the Old Testament) --- Cantar de los Cantares de Salomón (Book of the Old Testament) --- Cântarea-a Cântărilor (Book of the Old Testament) --- Cantica Canticorum (Book of the Old Testament) --- Canticle of Canticles (Book of the Old Testament) --- Canticles (Book of the Old Testament) --- Cantico dei Cantici (Book of the Old Testament) --- Canticum Canticorum Salomonis (Book of the Old Testament) --- Cantique des Cantiques (Book of the Old Testament) --- Énekek Éneke (Book of the Old Testament) --- Erg Ergotsʻ Soghomoni (Book of the Old Testament) --- Hohelied (Book of the Old Testament) --- Hooglied (Book of the Old Testament) --- Lied der Lieder (Book of the Old Testament) --- Musthikaning Kidung anggitane Sang Prabu Suleman (Book of the Old Testament) --- Musthikaning Kidung (Book of the Old Testament) --- Nashīd al-Anāshīd (Book of the Old Testament) --- Nashīd al-Anshād (Book of the Old Testament) --- Shir ha-Shirim (Book of the Old Testament) --- Solomon, Song of (Book of the Old Testament) --- Song of Solomon (Book of the Old Testament) --- Song of Songs (Book of the Old Testament) --- History.