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Mit ca. 2.500 eingetragenen Salons ist die Friseurbranche in Berlin mit Abstand die größte in Deutschland. Die bisherige Forschung zur Migrant_innenökonomie und zu Frauen in der Selbständigkeit hat die Branchenanalyse vernachlässigt, weshalb gruppenabhängige Untersuchungen häufig zu Zuschreibungen von Merkmalen geführt haben, die die Gruppen als besonders und separiert von den anderen herausgearbeitet haben. In ihrer Forschung zur Selbständigkeit in der Berliner Friseurbranche zeigt Özlem Yildiz mithilfe eines vergleichenden Mixed-method-Ansatzes, dass Akteure desselben Feldes ähnlich agieren - unabhängig von migrantischen und weiblichen Zuschreibungen. Besprochen in: Überblick, 1 (2018)

Friseurbranche; Frauen; Migrant_innen; Unternehmertum; Berufliche Selbständigkeit; Prekarität; Berlin; Branchenanalyse; Qualitative Sozialforschung; Arbeit; Migration; Arbeits- und Industriesoziologie; Gender Studies; Soziologie; Hairdresser Industry; Women; Migrants; Entrepreneurship; Self-employment; Precarity; Sector Analysis; Qualitative Social Research; Work; Sociology of Work and Industry; Sociology --- Berlin. --- Entrepreneurship. --- Gender Studies. --- Migrants. --- Migration. --- Precarity. --- Qualitative Social Research. --- Sector Analysis. --- Self-employment. --- Sociology of Work and Industry. --- Sociology. --- Women. --- Work.

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This paper describes that with the global downturn in 2007–2009, some of these achievements were partially reversed due to severe negative shocks to growth and changes in the composition of growth. While compared to peer countries, inequality in Armenia remains low; it has increased somewhat since 2009. Poverty has marginally declined after the global crisis, but unemployment remains high. Creating jobs, reducing poverty, and higher inclusiveness would require sustained high growth and implementing pro-poor policies. Better-targeted social policies and more attention to the regional distribution of spending would also help reduce poverty and improve inclusiveness. Poverty declined during the 2000s, supported by high growth. Poverty rate decreased by one third and the extreme poverty declined by half during 2004–2008. In addition to strong growth which created many job opportunities, higher social expenditures played a key role in lowering poverty. Regional disparities of poverty levels remain very high. These disparities, however, are geographical and not across the urban/rural divide. Indeed, contrary to the common perception, poverty rates in urban and rural areas are almost the same.

Labor --- Poverty and Homelessness --- Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty: General --- Employment --- Unemployment --- Wages --- Intergenerational Income Distribution --- Aggregate Human Capital --- Aggregate Labor Productivity --- Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search --- Labor Standards: Labor Force Composition --- Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure --- Labour --- income economics --- Poverty & precarity --- Poverty --- Labor force participation --- Labor force --- Labor market --- Economic theory --- Armenia, Republic of --- Income economics

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This Economic development Document presents an overview of Malawi’s Development Plan. Disappointing results with respect to implementation of Malawi Growth and Development Strategy II have triggered a qualified rethink in Malawi’s development planning process. There is a growing recognition that Malawi needs a more realistic development plan, in terms of both the underlying assumptions and resource availability, as well as with fewer priorities and a greater emphasis on implementation. Climate change has also become a major new factor in this process. The recent formation of a quasi-independent National Development and Planning Commission is expected to help in improving the independence of the planning process in Malawi.

Economic Development --- Social Services and Welfare --- Demography --- Poverty and Homelessness --- Government Policy --- Provision and Effects of Welfare Program --- Education: General --- Demographic Economics: General --- Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty: General --- Planning Models --- Planning Policy --- Social welfare & social services --- Education --- Population & demography --- Poverty & precarity --- Development economics & emerging economies --- Population and demographics --- Poverty reduction --- Poverty --- Development strategy --- Development --- Population --- Economic development --- Saving and investment --- Malawi

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The world economy and global trade are experiencing a broad-based cyclical upswing. Since October 2017, global growth outcomes and the outlook for 2018–19 have improved across all regions, reinforced by the expected positive near-term spillovers from tax policy changes in the United States. Accommodative global financial conditions, despite some tightening and market volatility in early February 2018, have been providing support to economic recovery. Higher commodity prices are contributing to an improved outlook for commodity exporters. The US and Canadian economies posted solid gains in 2017 and are expected to grow above potential in the near term. Despite the improved near-term outlook, however, medium-term prospects are tilted downwards. Growth prospects for advanced economies are subdued and many emerging market and developing economies are projected to grow in per capita terms more slowly than advanced economies, raising concerns about income convergence. While risks appear broadly balanced in the near term, they skew to the downside over the medium term, including a possible sharp tightening of financial conditions, waning popular support for global economic integration, growing trade tensions and risks of a shift toward protectionist policies, and geopolitical strains.

Economic forecasting --- Economics --- Forecasting --- Economic indicators --- History --- Aggregate Factor Income Distribution --- Banking --- Banks and Banking --- Commercial products --- Commodities --- Commodity Markets --- Deflation --- Environmental management --- Fiscal consolidation --- Fiscal Policy --- Fiscal policy --- Income distribution --- Income inequality --- Inflation --- Investment & securities --- Investments: Commodities --- Macroeconomics --- National accounts --- Natural Resources --- Poverty & precarity --- Poverty and Homelessness --- Poverty --- Price Level --- Prices --- Public finance & taxation --- Public Finance --- Social welfare & social services --- Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty: General --- United States

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This Economic Development Document describes the strategy adopted by the government of Madagascar to reverse the trend of modest economic performance, deteriorating social conditions, and persistent poverty observed in recent years. This strategy addresses the underlying causes of poverty. The primary aim of the fiscal policy is to increase revenue and rationalize budget expenditure to provide ample margins to finance priority spending, specifically social and infrastructure spending. The priorities are to expand the tax base and continuing reform of tax and customs administration, and to eliminate the causes of inefficient public expenditure. The monetary policy is given the role of regulating domestic liquidity to normalize trends in economic activities and achieve the inflation targets of less than 10.0 percent.

Infrastructure --- Criminology --- Demography --- Poverty and Homelessness --- Social Services and Welfare --- Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty: General --- Education: General --- Demographic Economics: General --- Investment --- Capital --- Intangible Capital --- Capacity --- Bureaucracy --- Administrative Processes in Public Organizations --- Corruption --- Government Policy --- Provision and Effects of Welfare Program --- Poverty & precarity --- Education --- Population & demography --- Macroeconomics --- Corporate crime --- white-collar crime --- Social welfare & social services --- Poverty --- Population and demographics --- National accounts --- Poverty reduction --- Population --- Saving and investment --- Madagascar, Republic of --- White-collar crime