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Bis 1953 war der gesamte Nordosten der UdSSR (die Kolyma bis zur Beringstraße mit der Hauptstadt Magadan) als "großes Lager" konzipiert: Seine Durchdringung und Ausbeutung erfolgte ausschließlich durch Zwangsarbeit, beherrscht von den Organen der Geheimpolizei (NKVD-MVD). Doch bereits wenige Jahre nach Stalins Tod setzte sich die KPdSU in einem Machtkampf gegen den MVD durch, freie Arbeitskräfte arbeiteten in der mechanisierten Industrie, eine neue Infrastruktur entstand - aus Häftlingsbaracken wurden Kindergärten, aus Gefängniszellen Badehäuser. Wie der radikale Wandel durch Propaganda und Sozialpolitik gestützt wurde, auf welche Weise sich das Verhältnis der regionalen Elite zu Vertragsarbeitern im Vergleich zu Häftlingen veränderte und mit welchen enormen Belastungen für den Alltag sich die Transformation in der Permafrost-Region vollzog, zeigt diese Studie. Sie erörtert die Entstalinisierung als Erschließungsstrategie für ein Lagergebiet, das bis heute Symbol des Stalinismus ist.

Gold mines and mining. --- Kolyma (Concentration camp) --- Gold discoveries --- Gold extraction (Mining) --- Gold fields --- Gold mining --- Gold rush --- Gold rushes --- Goldfields --- Goldmining --- Goldrush --- Goldrushes --- Sites, Gold mining --- Mines and mineral resources

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Between the Plough and the Pick deepens our understanding of informal, artisanal and small scale mining, popularly known as ASM. The book engages with wider scholarly conceptualisations of contemporary global social, agrarian and political changes, whilst underlining the roles that local social political historical contexts play in shaping mineral extractive processes and practices. It shows that the people who are engaged in these mining practices are often the poorest and most exploited labourers erstwhile peasants caught in the vortex of global change, who perform the most insecure and dangerous tasks. Although these people are located at the margins of mainstream economic life, they collectively produce enormous amounts of diverse material commodities and find a livelihood (and often a pathway out of oppressive poverty). The contributions to this book bring these people to the forefront of debates on resource politics. The contributors are international scholars and practitioners who explore the complexities in the histories, in labour and production practices, the forces driving such mining, the creative agency and capacities of these miners, as well as the human and environmental costs of ASM. They show how these informal, artisanal and small scale miners are inextricably engaged with, or bound to, global commodity values, are intimately involved in the production of new extractive territories and rural economies, and how their labour reshapes agrarian communities and landscapes of resource access and control. This book drives home the understanding that, collectively, this social and economic milieu redefines our conceptualisation of resource politics, mineral dependent livelihoods, extractive geographies of resources and commodities, and their multiple meanings.

Mineral industries --- Mines and mineral resources --- Deposits, Mineral --- Mineral deposits --- Mineral resources --- Mines and mining --- Mining --- E-books --- Natural resources --- Geology, Economic --- Minerals --- development economics --- artisinal --- resource management --- small-scale mining --- Artisanal mining --- Gold mining --- Labour economics --- Tanzanite

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Mongolia over the last decade has seen a substantial and ongoing gold rush. The widespread mining of gold looks at first glance to be a blessing for a desperately poor and largely pastoralist country where people's lives were disrupted by the end of the USSR and tens of millions of livestock were killed in devastating droughts in the early 2000s. Volatility and uncertainty as well as political and economic turmoil led many people to join the hopeful search for gold. This activity, born out of uncertain times, poses an intense moral problem; in the "land of dust," disturbing the ground and extracting the precious metal is widely believed to have calamitous consequences. With gold retaining strong ties to the landscape and its many spirit beings, the fortune of the precious metal is inseparable from the fears that surround mining. Tracing the continuities and discontinuities between human and nonhuman worlds, Mette M. High follows the paths of gold as it is excavated and converted into "polluted money," entering local shops and Buddhist monasteries, joining the illegal gold trade, and returning as "renewed" money for the "big bosses" of the gold mines.High has done several years of fieldwork in Mongolia, spending time with the "ninjas," as the miners are known locally, as well as the people who disapprove of their illegal activities and warn of the retribution that the land and its inhabitants may suffer as a result. This book is about radical change, or as many Mongolians put it, when life becomes "strange" and "chaotic." High has gained a deep understanding of the processes by which Mongolians square a morally questionable activity with the lure of profit. How do they involve themselves with tainted sources of money, and can it ever be cleansed and made usable? Addressing how our lives and those of others are intimately intertwined, Fear and Fortune offers an expansive and capacious approach to understanding the high stakes involved in human economic life.

Gold mines and mining --- Economic development --- Gold --- Ethnology --- #SBIB:39A75 --- #SBIB:39A4 --- Cultural anthropology --- Ethnography --- Races of man --- Social anthropology --- Anthropology --- Human beings --- Development, Economic --- Economic growth --- Growth, Economic --- Economic policy --- Economics --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Development economics --- Resource curse --- Gold discoveries --- Gold extraction (Mining) --- Gold fields --- Gold mining --- Gold rush --- Gold rushes --- Goldfields --- Goldmining --- Goldrush --- Goldrushes --- Sites, Gold mining --- Mines and mineral resources --- Social aspects --- Religious aspects --- Buddhism. --- Etnografie: Azië --- Toegepaste antropologie --- Economic sociology --- Industrial economics --- Mongolia --- Specie --- Native element minerals --- Precious metals --- Transition metals --- Money --- Religious aspects&delete& --- Buddhism