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Book
Natural complexity : a modeling handbook
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ISBN: 1400885493 9781400885497 9780691170350 9780691176840 0691176841 9780691176840 0691170355 9780691170350 Year: 2017 Publisher: Princeton, NJ : Princeton University Press,

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Abstract

This book provides a short, hands-on introduction to the science of complexity using simple computational models of natural complex systems-with models and exercises drawn from physics, chemistry, geology, and biology. By working through the models and engaging in additional computational explorations suggested at the end of each chapter, readers very quickly develop an understanding of how complex structures and behaviors can emerge in natural phenomena as diverse as avalanches, forest fires, earthquakes, chemical reactions, animal flocks, and epidemic diseases.Natural Complexity provides the necessary topical background, complete source codes in Python, and detailed explanations for all computational models. Ideal for undergraduates, beginning graduate students, and researchers in the physical and natural sciences, this unique handbook requires no advanced mathematical knowledge or programming skills and is suitable for self-learners with a working knowledge of precalculus and high-school physics.Self-contained and accessible, Natural Complexity enables readers to identify and quantify common underlying structural and dynamical patterns shared by the various systems and phenomena it examines, so that they can form their own answers to the questions of what natural complexity is and how it arises.

Keywords

Complexity (Philosophy) --- Physics --- Computational complexity. --- Complexity, Computational --- Electronic data processing --- Machine theory --- Philosophy --- Emergence (Philosophy) --- Methodology. --- Burridge-Knopoff stick-slip model. --- Gutenberg-Richter law. --- Johannes Kepler. --- Olami-Feder-Christensen model. --- Python code. --- accretion. --- active flockers. --- agents. --- automobile traffic. --- avalanches. --- cells. --- cellular automata. --- chaos. --- clusters. --- complex behavior. --- complex structure. --- complex system. --- complexity. --- computational model. --- computer program. --- contagious diseases. --- criticality. --- diffusion-limited aggregation. --- earthquake forecasting. --- earthquakes. --- emergence. --- emergent behavior. --- emergent structure. --- epidemic spread. --- epidemic surges. --- excitable system. --- flocking. --- forest fires. --- fractal clusters. --- fractal geometry. --- growth. --- hodgepodge machine. --- infection rate. --- iterated growth. --- lattice. --- lichens. --- natural complex system. --- natural complexity. --- natural order. --- natural phenomena. --- nature. --- open dissipative system. --- panic. --- passive flockers. --- pattern formation. --- percolation threshold. --- percolation. --- phase transition. --- planetary motion. --- power-law. --- random walk. --- randomness. --- repulsion. --- rule-based growth. --- sandpile. --- scale invariance. --- segregation. --- self-organization. --- self-organized criticality. --- self-propulsion. --- self-similarity. --- simple rules. --- small-world network. --- solar flares. --- spaghetti. --- spatiotemporal pattern. --- spiral. --- tagging algorithm. --- traffic jams. --- waves. --- wildfire management.


Book
What can be computed? : a practical guide to the theory of computation
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Year: 2018 Publisher: Princeton, New Jersey : Princeton University Press,

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What Can Be Computed? is a uniquely accessible yet rigorous introduction to the most profound ideas at the heart of computer science. Crafted specifically for undergraduates who are studying the subject for the first time, and requiring minimal prerequisites, the book focuses on the essential fundamentals of computer science theory and features a practical approach that uses real computer programs (Python and Java) and encourages active experimentation. It is also ideal for self-study and reference. The book covers the standard topics in the theory of computation, including Turing machines and finite automata, universal computation, nondeterminism, Turing and Karp reductions, undecidability, time-complexity classes such as P and NP, and NP-completeness, including the Cook-Levin Theorem. But the book also provides a broader view of computer science and its historical development, with discussions of Turing's original 1936 computing machines, the connections between undecidability and Gödel's incompleteness theorem, and Karp's famous set of twenty-one NP-complete problems. Throughout, the book recasts traditional computer science concepts by considering how computer programs are used to solve real problems. Standard theorems are stated and proven with full mathematical rigor, but motivation and understanding are enhanced by considering concrete implementations. The book's examples and other content allow readers to view demonstrations of--and to experiment with--a wide selection of the topics it covers. The result is an ideal text for an introduction to the theory of computation.

Keywords

Informática --- Informática --- Informática --- Programación de ordenadores --- Historia --- Filosofía --- AKS primality test. --- AND gate. --- ASCII. --- Addition. --- Algorithm. --- Asymptotic analysis. --- Axiom. --- Binary search algorithm. --- Boolean satisfiability problem. --- C0. --- Calculation. --- Church–Turing thesis. --- Combinatorial search. --- Compiler. --- Complexity class. --- Computability theory. --- Computability. --- Computable function. --- Computable number. --- Computation. --- Computational model. --- Computational problem. --- Computer program. --- Computer. --- Computers and Intractability. --- Computing. --- Conditional (computer programming). --- Counting. --- Decision problem. --- Deterministic finite automaton. --- Elaboration. --- Entscheidungsproblem. --- Equation. --- Exponentiation. --- FNP (complexity). --- Factorization. --- For loop. --- Function problem. --- Halting problem. --- Hilbert's program. --- Indent style. --- Instance (computer science). --- Instruction set. --- Integer overflow. --- Integer. --- Interpreter (computing). --- Iteration. --- List comprehension. --- Mathematical induction. --- Model of computation. --- NP (complexity). --- NP-completeness. --- NP-hardness. --- Notation. --- OR gate. --- Optimization problem. --- P versus NP problem. --- Permutation. --- Polylogarithmic function. --- Polynomial. --- Potential method. --- Primality test. --- Prime number. --- Program analysis. --- Pseudocode. --- Pumping lemma. --- Python (programming language). --- Quantifier (logic). --- Quantum algorithm. --- Radix sort. --- Random-access machine. --- Recursive language. --- Regular expression. --- Rice's theorem. --- Rule 110. --- Schematic. --- Search problem. --- Set (abstract data type). --- Simulation. --- Snippet (programming). --- Solution set. --- Solver. --- Source code. --- Special case. --- State diagram. --- Statement (computer science). --- Subsequence. --- Subset. --- Summation. --- Theory of computation. --- Thread (computing). --- Time complexity. --- Transition function. --- Tseytin transformation. --- Turing machine. --- Turing reduction. --- Turing test. --- Turing's proof. --- Variable (mathematics). --- Workaround.

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