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This book describes a broad research program on quantum communication. Here, a cryptographic key is exchanged by two parties using quantum states of light and the security of the system arises from the fundamental properties of quantum mechanics. The author developed new communication protocols using high-dimensional quantum states so that more than one classical bit is transferred by each photon. This approach helps circumvent some of the non-ideal properties of the experimental system, enabling record key rates on metropolitan distance scales. Another important aspect of the work is the encoding of the key on high-dimensional phase-randomized weak coherent states, combined with so-called decoy states to thwart a class of possible attacks on the system. The experiments are backed up by a rigorous security analysis of the system, which accounts for all known device non-idealities. The author goes on to demonstrate a scalable approach for increasing the dimension of the quantum states, and considers attacks on the system that use optimal quantum cloning techniques. This thesis captures the current state-of-the-art of the field of quantum communication in laboratory systems, and demonstrates that phase-randomized weak coherent states have application beyond quantum communication.

Quantum computers. --- Computers --- Quantum Information Technology, Spintronics. --- Quantum Computing. --- Quantum Optics. --- Optics, Lasers, Photonics, Optical Devices. --- Spintronics. --- Quantum optics. --- Lasers. --- Photonics. --- New optics --- Optics --- Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation --- Masers, Optical --- Optical masers --- Light amplifiers --- Light sources --- Optoelectronic devices --- Nonlinear optics --- Optical parametric oscillators --- Photons --- Quantum theory --- Fluxtronics --- Magnetoelectronics --- Spin electronics --- Spinelectronics --- Microelectronics --- Nanotechnology

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This book comprises selected contributions to the Computer Society of India’s annual convention. Divided into 10 topical volumes, the proceedings present papers on state-of-the-art research, surveys and succinct reviews, covering diverse topics ranging from communications networks to big data analytics, and from system architecture to cyber security. This volume focuses on silicon photonics & high performance computing, offering valuable insights for researchers and students alike.

High performance computing --- Photonics --- Materials --- Computer science. --- Computer software --- Microprocessors. --- Computers. --- Computer Science. --- Processor Architectures. --- Performance and Reliability. --- Optics, Lasers, Photonics, Optical Devices. --- Computing Methodologies. --- Reusability. --- Operating systems (Computers). --- Artificial intelligence. --- Artificial Intelligence. --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Electronic brains --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Bionics --- Cognitive science --- Digital computer simulation --- Electronic data processing --- Logic machines --- Machine theory --- Self-organizing systems --- Simulation methods --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers --- Computer operating systems --- Computers --- Disk operating systems --- Systems software --- Informatics --- Science --- Operating systems --- Computer software—Reusability. --- Lasers. --- Photonics. --- New optics --- Optics --- Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation --- Masers, Optical --- Optical masers --- Light amplifiers --- Light sources --- Optoelectronic devices --- Nonlinear optics --- Optical parametric oscillators --- Minicomputers

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This thesis discusses the physical and information theoretical limits of optical 3D metrology, and, based on these principal considerations, introduces a novel single-shot 3D video camera that works close to these limits. There are serious obstacles for a “perfect” 3D-camera: The author explains that it is impossible to achieve a data density better than one third of the available video pixels. Available single-shot 3D cameras yet display much lower data density, because there is one more obstacle: The object surface must be “encoded” in a non-ambiguous way, commonly by projecting sophisticated patterns. However, encoding devours space-bandwidth and reduces the output data density. The dissertation explains how this profound dilemma of 3D metrology can be solved, exploiting just two synchronized video cameras and a static projection pattern. The introduced single-shot 3D video camera, designed for macroscopic live scenes, displays an unprecedented quality and density of the 3D point cloud. The lateral resolution and depth precision are limited only by physics. Like a hologram, each movie-frame encompasses the full 3D information about the object surface and the observation perspective can be varied while watching the 3D movie.

Three-dimensional imaging. --- Computer vision. --- Optics, Lasers, Photonics, Optical Devices. --- Signal, Image and Speech Processing. --- Measurement Science and Instrumentation. --- Image Processing and Computer Vision. --- Classical Electrodynamics. --- Machine vision --- Vision, Computer --- Artificial intelligence --- Image processing --- Pattern recognition systems --- Lasers. --- Photonics. --- Signal processing. --- Image processing. --- Speech processing systems. --- Physical measurements. --- Measurement   . --- Optical data processing. --- Optics. --- Electrodynamics. --- Dynamics --- Physics --- Light --- Optical computing --- Visual data processing --- Bionics --- Electronic data processing --- Integrated optics --- Photonics --- Computers --- Measuring --- Mensuration --- Mathematics --- Technology --- Metrology --- Physical measurements --- Measurements, Physical --- Mathematical physics --- Measurement --- Computational linguistics --- Electronic systems --- Information theory --- Modulation theory --- Oral communication --- Speech --- Telecommunication --- Singing voice synthesizers --- Pictorial data processing --- Picture processing --- Processing, Image --- Imaging systems --- Optical data processing --- Processing, Signal --- Information measurement --- Signal theory (Telecommunication) --- New optics --- Optics --- Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation --- Masers, Optical --- Optical masers --- Light amplifiers --- Light sources --- Optoelectronic devices --- Nonlinear optics --- Optical parametric oscillators --- Optical equipment

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This book lies at the interface of machine learning – a subfield of computer science that develops algorithms for challenging tasks such as shape or image recognition, where traditional algorithms fail – and photonics – the physical science of light, which underlies many of the optical communications technologies used in our information society. It provides a thorough introduction to reservoir computing and field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). Recently, photonic implementations of reservoir computing (a machine learning algorithm based on artificial neural networks) have made a breakthrough in optical computing possible. In this book, the author pushes the performance of these systems significantly beyond what was achieved before. By interfacing a photonic reservoir computer with a high-speed electronic device (an FPGA), the author successfully interacts with the reservoir computer in real time, allowing him to considerably expand its capabilities and range of possible applications. Furthermore, the author draws on his expertise in machine learning and FPGA programming to make progress on a very different problem, namely the real-time image analysis of optical coherence tomography for atherosclerotic arteries.

Physics. --- Artificial intelligence. --- Image processing. --- Computational intelligence. --- Optics, Lasers, Photonics, Optical Devices. --- Image Processing and Computer Vision. --- Computational Intelligence. --- Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics). --- Intelligence, Computational --- Artificial intelligence --- Soft computing --- Pictorial data processing --- Picture processing --- Processing, Image --- Imaging systems --- Optical data processing --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Electronic brains --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Bionics --- Cognitive science --- Digital computer simulation --- Electronic data processing --- Logic machines --- Machine theory --- Self-organizing systems --- Simulation methods --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics --- Machine learning. --- Field programmable gate arrays. --- Field programmable logic arrays --- FPGAs --- Gate array circuits --- Programmable logic devices --- Learning, Machine --- Computer vision. --- Engineering. --- Artificial Intelligence. --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Technology --- Machine vision --- Vision, Computer --- Image processing --- Pattern recognition systems --- Lasers. --- Photonics. --- Optical data processing. --- Optical computing --- Visual data processing --- Integrated optics --- Photonics --- Computers --- New optics --- Optics --- Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation --- Masers, Optical --- Optical masers --- Light amplifiers --- Light sources --- Optoelectronic devices --- Nonlinear optics --- Optical parametric oscillators --- Optical equipment