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In today's online attention economy, supply and demand have created a rapidly growing market for firms and entrepreneurs using the tactics, tools, and strategies of digital influence warfare to gain profit and power. This book focuses on the more malicious types of online activity such as deception, provocation, and a host of other dirty tricks conducted by these "digital influence mercenaries." They can be located anywhere with an Internet connection and the targets of their influence efforts can be whomever and wherever they are paid to attack. James J. F. Forest describes in detail the various tools and tactics these mercenaries use to exploit the uncertainties, fears, and biases of their targets including bots, deep-fake images, fake news, provocation, deception and trolling. He also shows how they weaponize conspiracy theories and disinformation to manipulate people's beliefs and perceptions. Forest also highlights how government agencies and social media platforms are trying to defend against these foreign influence campaigns through such tactics as shutting down offending websites, Facebook pages, and YouTube channels; tagging disinformation with warning labels; identifying and blocking coordinated inauthentic behavior; and suspending social media accounts, often permanently.  European and North American governments have launched numerous investigations against these mercenaries, and in some cases have brought criminal charges. Forest concludes with suggestions for how each of us can learn to identify disinformation and other malicious efforts and defend ourselves in the future.

Internet marketing --- Information warfare. --- Internet marketing. --- Corrupt practices.

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How a new understanding of warfare can help the military fight today's conflicts more effectivelyThe way wars are fought has changed starkly over the past sixty years. International military campaigns used to play out between large armies at central fronts. Today's conflicts find major powers facing rebel insurgencies that deploy elusive methods, from improvised explosives to terrorist attacks. Small Wars, Big Data presents a transformative understanding of these contemporary confrontations and how they should be fought. The authors show that a revolution in the study of conflict--enabled by vast data, rich qualitative evidence, and modern methods-yields new insights into terrorism, civil wars, and foreign interventions. Modern warfare is not about struggles over territory but over people; civilians-and the information they might choose to provide-can turn the tide at critical junctures.The authors draw practical lessons from the past two decades of conflict in locations ranging from Latin America and the Middle East to Central and Southeast Asia. Building an information-centric understanding of insurgencies, the authors examine the relationships between rebels, the government, and civilians. This approach serves as a springboard for exploring other aspects of modern conflict, including the suppression of rebel activity, the role of mobile communications networks, the links between aid and violence, and why conventional military methods might provide short-term success but undermine lasting peace. Ultimately the authors show how the stronger side can almost always win the villages, but why that does not guarantee winning the war. Small Wars, Big Data provides groundbreaking perspectives for how small wars can be better strategized and favorably won to the benefit of the local population.

Big data. --- Counterinsurgency --- Military intelligence --- Asymmetric warfare --- Insurgency --- Low-intensity conflicts (Military science) --- Data sets, Large --- Large data sets --- Data sets --- Insurgent attacks --- Rebellions --- Civil war --- Political crimes and offenses --- Revolutions --- Government, Resistance to --- Internal security --- Counterguerrilla warfare --- Guerrilla warfare --- Information warfare --- Intelligence service --- Deception (Military science) --- Conflicts, Low-intensity (Military science) --- Low-intensity operations (Military science) --- Low-level conflicts (Military science) --- Operations, Low-intensity (Military science) --- Small wars --- Wars, Small --- Limited war --- Military art and science --- Social aspects. --- Technological innovations.

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This timely book spotlights how various entities are using the Internet to shape people's perceptions and decision-making. It also describes detailed case studies as well as the tools and methods used to identify automated, fake accounts. This book brings together three important dimensions of our everyday lives. First is digital-the online ecosystem of information providers and tools, from websites, blogs, discussion forums, and targeted email campaigns to social media, video streaming, and virtual reality. Second, influence-the most effective ways people can be persuaded, in order to shape their beliefs in ways that lead them to embrace one set of beliefs and reject others. And finally, warfare-wars won by the information and disinformation providers who are able to influence behavior in ways they find beneficial to their political, social, and other goals. The book provides a wide range of specific examples that illustrate the ways people are being targeted by digital influencers. There is much more to digital influence warfare than terrorist propaganda, "fake news," or Russian efforts to manipulate elections: chapters examine post-truth narratives, fabricated "alternate facts," and brainwashing and disinformation within the context of various political, scientific, security, and societal debates. The final chapters examine how new technical tools, critical thinking, and resilience can help thwart digital influence warfare efforts.

Politics & government --- Mass media and public opinion. --- Mass media and propaganda. --- Disinformation. --- Social media --- Information warfare. --- Political aspects.

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This book makes an original contribution to our knowledge of the world's major defence industries. Experts from a wide range of different countries - from the major economies of North America and Western Europe to developing economies and some unique cases such as China, India, Singapore, South Africa and North Korea- describe and analyse the structure, conduct and performance of the defence industry in that country. Each chapter opens with statistics on a key nation's defence spending, its spending on defence R&D and on procurement over the period 1980 to 2017, allowing for an analysis of industry changes following the end of the Cold War. After the facts of each industry, the authors describe and analyse the structure, conduct and performance of the industry. The analysis of structure' includes discussions of entry conditions, domestic monopoly/oligopoly structures and opportunities for competition. The section on conduct' analyses price/non-price competition, including private and state funded R&D, and performance' incorporates profitability, imports and exports together with spin-offs and technical progress. The conclusion explores the future prospects for each nation's defence industry. Do defence industries have a future? What might the future defence firm and industry look like in 50 years' time? This volume is a vital resource and reference for anyone interested in defence economics, industrial economics, international relations, strategic studies and public procurement.

Industrie de l'armement --- Art militaire --- Mondialisation --- Defense industries --- Military art and science --- Armaments industries --- Arms sales --- Military sales --- Military supplies industry --- Munitions --- Sale of military equipment --- Industries --- Arms transfers --- Fighting --- Military power --- Military science --- Warfare --- Warfare, Primitive --- Naval art and science --- War --- Economic aspects. --- DEFENSE INDUSTRIES--ECONOMIC ASPECTS

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Nuclear alliances are high stakes partnerships with the potential to enhance security, goodwill, scientific and technical innovation, and economic well-being; or, they risk a state's very existence, generate social and political unrest, and fracture frameworks for international cooperation and jeopardize global reputations. Now entering its eighth decade, the Anglo-American nuclear alliance is the oldest and most complex in the world. 'Sharing Nuclear Secrets' is a single-volume study of the Anglo-American nuclear relationship, illuminating both its fragility and durability.

Nuclear energy. --- Nuclear engineering --- International cooperation. --- Atomic power engineering --- Engineering --- Nuclear physics --- Nuclear energy --- Atomic energy --- Atomic power --- Energy, Atomic --- Energy, Nuclear --- Nuclear power --- Power, Atomic --- Power, Nuclear --- Force and energy --- Power resources --- Nuclear facilities --- Nuclear power plants --- Great Britain --- United States --- Foreign relations --- Nuclear weapons --- Deterrence (Strategy) --- History. --- Warfare and Defence. --- Warfare & defence.