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Book
Organisierendes Arbeiten : Zur Performativität von Projekten
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ISBN: 3839441560 Year: 2018 Publisher: Bielefeld transcript Verlag

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Abstract

Was machen Menschen eigentlich, wenn sie in Projekten arbeiten? Die Frage mag trivial anmuten. Arbeits- und Organisationssoziologie haben Projekte erforscht, jedoch immer nur aus ihrem je spezifischen Blickwinkel. Yannick Kalff überwindet diese Trennung und nimmt die Performativität von Projekten in den Blick, welche sich aus zwei Komponenten zusammensetzt: In Projekten arbeiten Menschen an der Organisation - und sie organisieren ihre Arbeit. Für ein Verständnis der Selbstorganisation und der Planung in Projekten bietet diese Studie einen empirisch gestützten, konzeptionellen Rahmen, welcher die soziale Praxis und die konkreten organisierenden Tätigkeiten ausleuchtet.


Book
Natural complexity : a modeling handbook
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ISBN: 1400885493 9781400885497 9780691170350 9780691176840 0691176841 9780691176840 0691170355 9780691170350 Year: 2017 Publisher: Princeton, NJ : Princeton University Press,

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This book provides a short, hands-on introduction to the science of complexity using simple computational models of natural complex systems-with models and exercises drawn from physics, chemistry, geology, and biology. By working through the models and engaging in additional computational explorations suggested at the end of each chapter, readers very quickly develop an understanding of how complex structures and behaviors can emerge in natural phenomena as diverse as avalanches, forest fires, earthquakes, chemical reactions, animal flocks, and epidemic diseases.Natural Complexity provides the necessary topical background, complete source codes in Python, and detailed explanations for all computational models. Ideal for undergraduates, beginning graduate students, and researchers in the physical and natural sciences, this unique handbook requires no advanced mathematical knowledge or programming skills and is suitable for self-learners with a working knowledge of precalculus and high-school physics.Self-contained and accessible, Natural Complexity enables readers to identify and quantify common underlying structural and dynamical patterns shared by the various systems and phenomena it examines, so that they can form their own answers to the questions of what natural complexity is and how it arises.

Keywords

Complexity (Philosophy) --- Physics --- Computational complexity. --- Complexity, Computational --- Electronic data processing --- Machine theory --- Philosophy --- Emergence (Philosophy) --- Methodology. --- Burridge-Knopoff stick-slip model. --- Gutenberg-Richter law. --- Johannes Kepler. --- Olami-Feder-Christensen model. --- Python code. --- accretion. --- active flockers. --- agents. --- automobile traffic. --- avalanches. --- cells. --- cellular automata. --- chaos. --- clusters. --- complex behavior. --- complex structure. --- complex system. --- complexity. --- computational model. --- computer program. --- contagious diseases. --- criticality. --- diffusion-limited aggregation. --- earthquake forecasting. --- earthquakes. --- emergence. --- emergent behavior. --- emergent structure. --- epidemic spread. --- epidemic surges. --- excitable system. --- flocking. --- forest fires. --- fractal clusters. --- fractal geometry. --- growth. --- hodgepodge machine. --- infection rate. --- iterated growth. --- lattice. --- lichens. --- natural complex system. --- natural complexity. --- natural order. --- natural phenomena. --- nature. --- open dissipative system. --- panic. --- passive flockers. --- pattern formation. --- percolation threshold. --- percolation. --- phase transition. --- planetary motion. --- power-law. --- random walk. --- randomness. --- repulsion. --- rule-based growth. --- sandpile. --- scale invariance. --- segregation. --- self-organization. --- self-organized criticality. --- self-propulsion. --- self-similarity. --- simple rules. --- small-world network. --- solar flares. --- spaghetti. --- spatiotemporal pattern. --- spiral. --- tagging algorithm. --- traffic jams. --- waves. --- wildfire management.


Book
Why stock markets crash : critical events in complex financial systems
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Year: 2017 Publisher: Princeton, [New Jersey] ; Oxford, [England] : Princeton University Press,

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The scientific study of complex systems has transformed a wide range of disciplines in recent years, enabling researchers in both the natural and social sciences to model and predict phenomena as diverse as earthquakes, global warming, demographic patterns, financial crises, and the failure of materials. In this book, Didier Sornette boldly applies his varied experience in these areas to propose a simple, powerful, and general theory of how, why, and when stock markets crash. Most attempts to explain market failures seek to pinpoint triggering mechanisms that occur hours, days, or weeks before the collapse. Sornette proposes a radically different view: the underlying cause can be sought months and even years before the abrupt, catastrophic event in the build-up of cooperative speculation, which often translates into an accelerating rise of the market price, otherwise known as a "bubble." Anchoring his sophisticated, step-by-step analysis in leading-edge physical and statistical modeling techniques, he unearths remarkable insights and some predictions--among them, that the "end of the growth era" will occur around 2050. Sornette probes major historical precedents, from the decades-long "tulip mania" in the Netherlands that wilted suddenly in 1637 to the South Sea Bubble that ended with the first huge market crash in England in 1720, to the Great Crash of October 1929 and Black Monday in 1987, to cite just a few. He concludes that most explanations other than cooperative self-organization fail to account for the subtle bubbles by which the markets lay the groundwork for catastrophe. Any investor or investment professional who seeks a genuine understanding of looming financial disasters should read this book. Physicists, geologists, biologists, economists, and others will welcome Why Stock Markets Crash as a highly original "scientific tale," as Sornette aptly puts it, of the exciting and sometimes fearsome--but no longer quite so unfathomable--world of stock markets.

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