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The book introduces data processing and reconciliation along with process monitoring as integral components of overall control system architecture. This book is packed with the most important methods and practical information used for the design of digital controls implemented in industrial applications to engineers and technicians unfamiliar with control techniques, providing an understanding of how to actually apply control in a real industrial environment.
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This book succinctly traces the history of the metric system from early modern proposals of decimal measures, to the birth of the system in Revolutionary France, through its formal international adoption under the supervision of an international General Committee of Weights and Measures (CGPM), to its later expansion into the International System of Units (SI), currently formulated entirely in terms of physical constants. The wide range of human activities that employ weights and measures, from practical commerce to esoteric science, influenced both the development and the diffusion of the metric system. The roles of constants of nature in the formulation of the 18th-century metric system and in the 21st-century reformulation of the SI are described. Finally, the status of the system in the United States, the last major holdout against its everyday use, is also discussed.
Measurement. --- Measuring instruments. --- Chemistry—History. --- Science—History. --- Measurement Science and Instrumentation. --- History of Chemistry. --- History of Science. --- Instruments, Measuring --- Measurement --- Measuring tools --- Scientific apparatus and instruments --- Measuring --- Mensuration --- Mathematics --- Technology --- Metrology --- Physical measurements --- Instruments --- Metric system. --- International metric system --- International system of units --- SI (Weights and measures) --- SI-metric --- Weights and measures
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The book covers in particular state-of-the-art scientific research about product quality control and related health and environmental safety topics, including human, animal and plant safety assurance issues. These conference proceedings provide contemporary information on the general theoretical, metrological and practical issues of the production and application of reference materials. Reference materials play an integral role in physical, chemical and related type of measurements, ensuring their uniformity, comparability and the validity of quantitative analysis as well as, as a result, the objectivity of decisions concerning the elimination of technical barriers in commercial and economic, scientific and technical and other spheres of cooperation. The book is intended for researchers and practitioners in the field of chemistry, metrologists, technical physics, as well as for specialists in analytical laboratories, or working for companies and organizations involved in the production, distribution and use of reference materials.
Quality control --- Measurement. --- Measuring instruments. --- Materials—Analysis. --- Materials. --- Spectrum analysis. --- Measurement Science and Instrumentation. --- Materials Characterization Technique. --- Materials Engineering. --- Spectroscopy. --- Analysis, Spectrum --- Spectra --- Spectrochemical analysis --- Spectrochemistry --- Spectrometry --- Spectroscopy --- Analytical chemistry --- Interferometry --- Optics --- Radiation --- Wave-motion, Theory of --- Absorption spectra --- Light --- Spectroscope --- Engineering --- Engineering materials --- Industrial materials --- Engineering design --- Manufacturing processes --- Instruments, Measuring --- Measurement --- Measuring tools --- Scientific apparatus and instruments --- Measuring --- Mensuration --- Mathematics --- Technology --- Metrology --- Physical measurements --- Qualitative --- Materials --- Instruments
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This encyclopedic reference provides a concise and engaging overview of the groundbreaking inventions and conceptual innovations that have shaped the field of computing, and the technology that runs the modern world. Each alphabetically-ordered entry presents a brief account of a pivotal innovation and the great minds behind it, selected from a wide range of diverse topics. Topics and features: Describes the development of Babbage’s computing machines, Leibniz’s binary arithmetic, Boole’s symbolic logic, and Von Neumann architecture Reviews a range of historical analog and digital computers, significant mainframes and minicomputers, and pioneering home and personal computers Discusses a selection of programming languages and operating systems, along with key concepts in software engineering and commercial computing Examines the invention of the transistor, the integrated circuit, and the microprocessor Relates the history of such developments in personal computing as the mouse, the GUI, Atari video games, and Microsoft Office Surveys innovations in communications, covering mobile phones, WiFi, the Internet and World Wide Web, e-commerce, smartphones, social media, and GPS Presents coverage of topics on artificial intelligence, the ATM, digital photography and digital music, robotics, and Wikipedia Contains self-test quizzes and a helpful glossary This enjoyable compendium will appeal to the general reader curious about the intellectual milestones that led to the digital age, as well as to the student of computer science seeking a primer on the history of their field. Dr. Gerard O'Regan is a CMMI software process improvement consultant with research interests including software quality and software process improvement, mathematical approaches to software quality, and the history of computing. He is the author of such Springer titles as World of Computing, Concise Guide to Formal Methods, Concise Guide to Software Engineering, and Guide to Discrete Mathematics.
Calculators. --- Computers. --- Mathematical instruments. --- Instruments, Mathematical --- Scientific apparatus and instruments --- Automatic computers --- Automatic data processors --- Computer hardware --- Computing machines (Computers) --- Electronic brains --- Electronic calculating-machines --- Electronic computers --- Hardware, Computer --- Computer systems --- Cybernetics --- Machine theory --- Calculators --- Cyberspace --- Adding-machines --- Calculating-machines --- Computers, Mechanical --- Desk calculators --- Mathematical machines (Calculators) --- Mechanical computers --- Mathematical instruments --- Office equipment and supplies --- Arithmetic --- Computers --- Tabulating machines --- Computer science. --- Technology-History. --- Computer hardware. --- History of Computing. --- History of Technology. --- Computer Hardware. --- Personal Computing. --- Informatics --- Science --- Technology—History. --- Personal computers. --- Home computers --- Micro computers --- Micros (Microcomputers) --- PCs (Microcomputers) --- Personal computers --- Small computers --- Minicomputers
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This book reviews the application of nanosensors in food and agriculture. Nanotechnology has the potential to become transformative technology that will impact almost all sectors. Tools like nanosensors, which detect specific molecular interactions, can be used for on-site, in-situ and online measurements of various parameters in clinical diagnostics, environmental and food monitoring, and quality control. Due to their unprecedented performance and sensitivity, nanobiosensors are gaining importance in precision farming. The book examines the use of nanobiosensors in the monitoring of food additives, toxins and mycotoxins, microbial contamination, food allergens, nutritional constituents, pesticides, environmental parameters, plant diseases and genetically modified organisms. It also discusses the role of biosensors in increasing crop productivity in sustainable agriculture, and nanosensor-based smart delivery systems to optimize the use of natural resources such as water, nutrients and agrochemicals in precision farming.
Agriculture. --- Nanotechnology. --- Food—Biotechnology. --- Forestry. --- Food Science. --- Forest land --- Forest lands --- Forest planting --- Forest production --- Forest sciences --- Forestation --- Forested lands --- Forestland --- Forestlands --- Forestry --- Forestry industry --- Forestry sciences --- Land, Forest --- Lands, Forest --- Silviculture --- Sylviculture --- Woodlands --- Woods (Forests) --- Agriculture --- Natural resources --- Afforestation --- Arboriculture --- Logging --- Timber --- Tree crops --- Trees --- Molecular technology --- Nanoscale technology --- High technology --- Farming --- Husbandry --- Industrial arts --- Life sciences --- Food supply --- Land use, Rural --- Agricultural instruments. --- Agricultural innovations. --- Innovations, Agricultural --- Technological change in agriculture --- Technological innovations --- Instruments, Agricultural --- Agricultural machinery --- Farm equipment --- Scientific apparatus and instruments --- Innovations --- Technology transfer --- Equipment and supplies --- Biosensors --- Innovacions agrícoles --- Canvis tecnològics en l'agricultura --- Innovacions tecnològiques --- Revolució verda --- Aparells i instruments mèdics --- Detectors --- Ressonància de plasmons superficials
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