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Die Quantenwelt ist längst im Alltag angekommen, ohne dass es vielen bewusst ist. Dazu gehören Transistoren, Dioden und Laser, die aus Alltagsgeräten nicht mehr fortzudenken sind. Nach dieser ersten Generation der Quantentechnologien leben wir derzeit in der zweiten Generation, in der Grundprinzipien der Quantenmechanik gezielt in quantenmechanischen Geräten umgesetzt werden. Dazu gehören erste Prototypen von Quantencomputern, klassische Supercomputer mit Quantensimulation, Quantenkryptographie und Quantenkommunikation, Quantensensorik und Quantenmesstechnik. Was Einstein 1935 als spukhafter Effekt vorkam, ist längst Grundlage umwälzender Quantenkommunikation in Glasfasernetzen und Satellitentechnik, die ein zukünftiges Quanteninternet ankündigt. Quantencomputer als Mehrzweckrechner sind nur die Spitze des Eisbergs mit einer Technologie, die sich schrittweise als Netzwerk unserer Zivilisation ausbreitet. Umso dringender ist es, die Grundlagen der Quantenwelt als Hintergrund dieser Technologie zu verstehen. Grundlagen und Zusammenhänge begreifen, von den mathematischen und physikalischen Grundlagen bis zu den technischen Anwendungen, ist ein zentrales Ziel des Buchs. Ein weiteres Anliegen dieses Buchs ist das Zusammenwachsen mit der Künstlichen Intelligenz. In meinem Buch „Künstliche Intelligenz. Wann übernehmen die Maschinen?“ (Springer 2. Aufl. 2019) wird Machine learning herausgestellt, das Automatisierung in Robotik, Industrie- und Arbeitswelt verwirklicht. Mit Quantentechnologie, Quantencomputer und künstlicher Intelligenz zeichnet sich aber nicht nur eine Potenzierung neuer Möglichkeiten ab, sondern auch von Gefährdungen. Daher erhebt sich die Forderung nach frühzeitiger Technikgestaltung, damit Quantentechnologie und Künstliche Intelligenz sich als Dienstleistung in der Gesellschaft bewähren.

Quantum computers. --- Computer hardware. --- Quantum physics. --- Quantum Computing. --- Computer Hardware. --- Quantum Physics. --- Quantum theory.

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This book explores two of the most striking features of quantum theory – contextuality and nonlocality – using a formulation based on graph theory. Quantum theory provides a set of rules to predict probabilities of different outcomes in different experimental settings, and both contextuality and nonlocality play a fundamental role in interpreting the outcomes. In this work, the authors highlight how the graph approach can lead to a better understanding of this theory and its applications. After presenting basic definitions and explaining the non-contextuality hypothesis, the book describes contextuality scenarios using compatibility hypergraphs. It then introduces the exclusivity graph approach, which relates a number of important graph-theoretical concepts to contextuality. It also presents open problems such as the so-called Exclusivity Principle, as well as a selection of important topics, like sheaf-theoretical approach, hypergraph approach, and alternative proofs of contextuality.

Mathematics. --- Quantum computers. --- Graph theory. --- Quantum physics. --- Quantum Computing. --- Graph Theory. --- Quantum Physics. --- Quantum dynamics --- Quantum mechanics --- Quantum physics --- Physics --- Mechanics --- Thermodynamics --- Graph theory --- Graphs, Theory of --- Theory of graphs --- Combinatorial analysis --- Topology --- Computers --- Math --- Science --- Extremal problems --- Quantum theory.

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This book fills a gap between experts and non-experts in the field by providing readers with the basic tools to understand the latest developments in quantum communications and its future directions. With the fast pace of developments in quantum technologies, it is more necessary than ever to make the new generation of students in science/engineering familiar with the key ideas behind such disruptive systems. This book describes key applications for quantum networks; local, metropolitan, and global networks; and the industrial outlook for the field.

Quantum communication. --- Quantum physics (quantum mechanics & quantum field theory). --- SCIENCE / Physics / Quantum Theory. --- Quantum communications --- Optical communications

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Semidefinite programs (SDPs) are a class of optimisation problems that find application in numerous areas of physics, engineering and mathematics. Semidefinite programming is particularly suited to problems in quantum physics and quantum information science. Following a review of the theory of semidefinite programming, the book proceeds to describe how it can be used to address a wide range of important problems from across quantum information science. Specific applications include quantum state, measurement, and channel estimation and discrimination, entanglement detection and quantification, quantum distance measures, and measurement incompatibility. Though SDPs have become an increasingly important tool in quantum information science it's not yet the kind of mathematics students learn routinely. Assuming only a basic knowledge of linear algebra and quantum physics and quantum information, this graduate-level book provides a unified and accessible presentation of one of the key numerical methods used in quantum information science. Whilst the focus is on the theoretical machinery of SDPs, the authors have provided an accompanying GitHub repository containing example code, covering some of the SDPs studied in this book. Part of IOP Series in Quantum Technology.

Quantum theory --- Semidefinite programming. --- Quantum physics (quantum mechanics & quantum field theory) --- SCIENCE / Physics / Quantum Theory. --- Data processing.

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Causality is central to understanding the mechanisms of nature: some event "A" is the cause of another event “B”. Surprisingly, causality does not follow this simple rule in quantum physics: due to to quantum superposition we might be led to believe that "A causes B” and that "B causes A”. This idea is not only important to the foundations of physics but also leads to practical advantages: a quantum circuit with such indefinite causality performs computationally better than one with definite causality. This thesis provides one of the first comprehensive introductions to quantum causality, and presents a number of advances.It provides an extension and generalization of a framework that enables us to study causality within quantum mechanics, thereby setting the stage for the rest of the work. This comprises: mathematical tools to define causality in terms of probabilities; computational tools to prove indefinite causality in an experiment; means to experimentally test particular causal structures; and finally an algorithm that detects the exact causal structure in an quantum experiment.

Quantum computing. --- Computation, Quantum --- Computing, Quantum --- Information processing, Quantum --- Quantum computation --- Quantum information processing --- Electronic data processing --- Quantum physics. --- Quantum computers. --- Physics. --- Quantum Physics. --- Quantum Computing. --- History and Philosophical Foundations of Physics. --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics --- Computers --- Quantum dynamics --- Quantum mechanics --- Quantum physics --- Physics --- Mechanics --- Thermodynamics