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This book analyses and assesses the Agadir Agreement’s impact on economic integration, its effect on political cooperation, and its role in promoting peace between participating countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). Since the ‘Arab Spring’ of 2011, the geo-political situation in MENA has further drifted towards instability and uncertainty. Expert analysis of the region seems to lurch from one crisis to another without moving beyond a focus on conflict. Few scholars have recognised that the MENA governments have long regarded regional economic integration as a chief policy objective to facilitate intra-regional trade and promote political cooperation and peace. Realising the shortcomings of the various integrative processes, Morocco, Tunisia, Egypt and Jordan signed the Agadir Agreement in 2004. To this date, it stands as one of the most significant economic agreements in the MENA region. Taking into account this variety of factors, this book offers a new assessment of the pull between unity and disunity in the Middle East and North Africa region. Dr Tarik Oumazzane is Lecturer in Middle East / North Africa Studies in the Department of History at the University of Nottingham, United Kingdom. He has taught and convened several modules including: ‘International History of the Middle East and North Africa’; ‘War and Peace in the Post-Arab Spring’; ‘Political Economy of Under Development’, ‘International Relations and Global History’ and ‘Liberating Africa: Decolonisation, Development and the Cold War’.

International relations. Foreign policy --- Politics --- Foreign trade. International trade --- Afrikaans --- politiek --- wereldeconomie --- internationale economie --- internationale betrekkingen --- Middle East --- North Africa --- Africa --- International economic relations. --- International relations. --- International Political Economy’. --- Middle Eastern Politics. --- African Politics. --- International Relations Theory. --- Politics and government.

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MOHAMED A. RAMADY SAUDI ARAMCO 2030: POST IPO CHALLENGES The decision by Saudi Arabia’s Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman to launch the country’s ambitious and generational transformation program to wean the Kingdom away from oil under the Vision 2030 plan in 2016 was also an important milestone for Saudi Aramco. The Vision places an important role for the National Oil Company to play and enshrines some key objectives for the company:  ·      Transforming Aramco from an oil company to a global industrial conglomerate, ·      Using the proceeds of the IPO to transform the Public Investment Fund into the world’s largest Sovereign Wealth Fund, ·      Involving Aramco in a wide range of industrial enterprises and partnerships with a focus on localized local content, ·      Aramco to become a catalyst for  transparency and investor accountability The Author examines Aramco from its infancy in the 1930’s under the concession agreement, to where it is today in preparing for its new Vision 2030 expanded mandate and the planned IPO.  Topics discussed include a comparative analysis of the fortunes of four partly privatized National Oil Companies – Statoil, Rosneft , Petrobras and Sinopec -  and lessons learned from their experience ; Aramco’s  pivotal shift towards the  Asian and Far East markets and  its diversification into  the refining and petrochemical sector; Saudi Arabia’s energy efficiency  and renewable energy program;  Aramco’s  current  structure and its key asset, its people ; required governance  and other reforms  to meet different  international  listing  requirements , with their  listing criteria  examined in detail . Finally the Author estimates Aramco’s IPO valuation under different oil prices and key assumptions and scenarios , as well as Saudi Arabia’s future role in OPEC and  its oil policy. The Crown Prince has placed high expectations on a successful Aramco IPO as the fate of the Vision 2030 and the company is entwined. Getting it wrong is not an option for both. Mohamed Ramady is a former Visiting Associate Professor of Finance and Economics at King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals. He has written on OPEC and energy, the Saudi economy and GCC country risk analysis. He has also held senior positions with international financial institutions in the Arabian Gulf and Europe.

Middle East --- Economics. --- Middle Eastern and North African Economics. --- Political Economy/Economic Policy. --- Middle Eastern Politics. --- Politics and government. --- Petroleum industry and trade --- Middle East—Economic conditions. --- Economic policy. --- Middle East-Politics and governm. --- Economic Policy. --- Economic nationalism --- Economic planning --- National planning --- State planning --- Economics --- Planning --- National security --- Social policy --- Middle East—Politics and government.

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This book focuses on Arab youth marginalization along intersectional lines of gender, ethnicity and social class in four cities: Jerusalem, Amman, Cairo, and Tunis. The author explores how the political and economic climates in each city influence the life prospects of youth and uncovers their narratives around their aspirations, disappointments and life choices. Providing an interdisciplinary approach, the project will interest a wide range of audiences including graduate students, scholars, and policy makers in the fields of the Middle Eastern studies, political science, urban studies, and education. Rawan Asali Nuseibeh is an Assistant Professor at the Institute of Educational Research, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia.

International relations. Foreign policy --- Politics --- Economic order --- Economic policy and planning (general) --- Economic conditions. Economic development --- Development aid. Development cooperation --- Biotechnology --- Afrikaans --- ontwikkelingsbeleid --- politiek --- ontwikkelingssamenwerking --- biotechnologie --- economische ontwikkelingen --- ontwikkelingspolitiek --- Middle East --- North Africa --- Africa --- Economic development. --- Biotechnology. --- Middle Eastern Politics. --- African Politics. --- Development Studies. --- Middle East x Politics and government. --- Politics and government.

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This book uses electricity-sector reforms to question some of the preconceived ideas concerning the MENA region and to provide a broader analysis of related political economy issues. It presents potential further developments of MENA’s electricity-sector reforms, taking into consideration the region’s unique constraints and opportunities, and discusses the practical limits of reform and deregulation. Specifically, it examines the relationship between reforms and oil prices from a new perspective and presents alternatives to the Single Buyer Model. Complementing existing research on electricity-sector reforms in other emerging markets, the book provides a new analytical framework for assessing reforms that can be easily applied to other markets and sectors.

Electricity --- History. --- Environmental economics. --- Political economy. --- Middle East-Politics and governm. --- Development economics. --- Energy Policy, Economics and Management. --- Environmental Economics. --- International Political Economy. --- Middle Eastern Politics. --- Development Economics. --- Economics --- Economic development --- Economic theory --- Political economy --- Social sciences --- Economic man --- Environmental quality --- Environmental aspects --- Economic aspects --- Energy policy. --- Energy and state. --- Middle East—Politics and government. --- Energy and state --- Power resources --- State and energy --- Industrial policy --- Energy conservation --- Government policy

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This book provides new insights and research studies on how developing countries come to terms with the nationalisation policies of Gulf economies that provide employment for their nationals. Focusing on regions and countries that have traditionally been overlooked, it includes studies on labour migration from Egypt to the Middle East and from the Philippines to Lebanon, migrant experiences and policy prospects in Saudi Arabia and Lebanon, and Indian migration to the Gulf. The book fills a critical gap in migration research by studying migration from various Indian states, such as Tamil Nadu, Telugu-speaking states (Telangana and Andhra Pradesh), Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh. It also explores the unexpected phenomenon of demographic windows of economic opportunity (not documented in demographic literature) observed in a few Arab countries due to older migrant expatriates returning to their home country; the impact of international out-migration on intergenerational educational mobility among children in migrant-sending households in Kerala; and forced migration of Kerala Muslims to the Gulf.

Migrant labor --- Labor, Migrant --- Migrant workers --- Migrants (Migrant labor) --- Migratory workers --- Transient labor --- Employees --- Casual labor --- Asia—Economic conditions. --- Emigration and immigration. --- International relations. --- Middle East—Politics and government. --- Asian Economics. --- Migration. --- Foreign Policy. --- Middle Eastern Politics. --- Coexistence --- Foreign affairs --- Foreign policy --- Foreign relations --- Global governance --- Interdependence of nations --- International affairs --- Peaceful coexistence --- World order --- National security --- Sovereignty --- World politics --- Immigration --- International migration --- Migration, International --- Population geography --- Assimilation (Sociology) --- Colonization