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A groundbreaking intellectual biography of one of the twentieth century's most influential economistsThe First Serious Optimist is an intellectual biography of the British economist A. C. Pigou (1877-1959), a founder of welfare economics and one of the twentieth century's most important and original thinkers. Though long overshadowed by his intellectual rival John Maynard Keynes, Pigou was instrumental in focusing economics on the public welfare. And his reputation is experiencing a renaissance today, in part because his idea of "externalities" or spillover costs is the basis of carbon taxes. Drawing from a wealth of archival sources, Ian Kumekawa tells how Pigou reshaped the way the public thinks about the economic role of government and the way economists think about the public good.Setting Pigou's ideas in their personal, political, social, and ethical context, the book follows him as he evolved from a liberal Edwardian bon vivant to a reserved but reform-minded economics professor. With World War I, Pigou entered government service, but soon became disenchanted with the state he encountered. As his ideas were challenged in the interwar period, he found himself increasingly alienated from his profession. But with the rise of the Labour Party following World War II, the elderly Pigou re-embraced a mind-set that inspired a colleague to describe him as "the first serious optimist."The story not just of Pigou but also of twentieth-century economics, The First Serious Optimist explores the biographical and historical origins of some of the most important economic ideas of the past hundred years. It is a timely reminder of the ethical roots of economics and the discipline's long history as an active intermediary between the state and the market.

Economics --- Welfare economics. --- Economists --- History. --- Pigou, A. C. --- A Study in Public Finance. --- A. C. Pigou. --- Alfred Marshall. --- Arthur Cecil Pigou. --- Austin Robinson. --- British economist. --- Cambridge. --- Clarence Pigou. --- Great Depression. --- Industrial Fluctuations. --- John Maynard Keynes. --- Labour Party. --- Nora Lees. --- Oscar Browning. --- Philip Noel-Baker. --- The General Theory. --- Wealth and Welfare. --- World War I. --- World War II. --- academic economics. --- academic journals. --- atrocity. --- bureaucracy. --- carbon taxes. --- climate crisis. --- common people. --- death. --- disillusionment. --- economic ideas. --- economic science. --- economics journals. --- economics. --- ethics. --- government. --- historical reformer. --- influence. --- interwar period. --- legacy. --- liberalism. --- morals. --- objectivity. --- optimism. --- optimist. --- political advocacy. --- political economy. --- political involvement. --- politics. --- pollution. --- public welfare. --- retirement. --- science. --- social reform. --- societal wellbeing. --- state action. --- state apparatus. --- welfare economics.

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From the New York Times bestselling author of This Time Is Different, "a fascinating and important book" (Ben Bernanke) about the surprising reasons why paper money lies at the heart of many of the world's most difficult problemsThe world is drowning in cash-and it's making us poorer and less safe. In The Curse of Cash, acclaimed economist Kenneth Rogoff explores the past, present, and future of currency, from ancient China to today's cryptocurrencies, showing why, contrary to conventional economic wisdom, paper money surprisingly lies at the heart of some of the world's most difficult problems.Cash is becoming increasingly marginalized in the legal economy, but there is a record amount of it in circulation-

E-books --- fraude --- geldmarkt --- economie --- belastingontwijking --- marche de l'argent --- économie --- evasion fiscale --- Paper money --- Money --- Currency question --- Monetary policy --- Currency question. --- Interest rates. --- Monetary policy. --- Money. --- Paper money. --- Account (accountancy). --- Alternative currency. --- Alternative payments. --- Bank account. --- Bank of England. --- Bank of Japan. --- Bank run. --- Bank. --- Banknote. --- Ben Bernanke. --- Bitcoin. --- Black market. --- Cash register. --- Cash. --- Central bank. --- Chief economist. --- Consumer. --- Corruption. --- Counterfeit. --- Credit card. --- Cryptocurrency. --- Currency In Circulation. --- Currency. --- Customer. --- Debit card. --- Debt. --- Deflation. --- Deposit account. --- Developed country. --- Digital currency. --- Discounts and allowances. --- Economist. --- Economy. --- Electronic money. --- Employment. --- Euro banknotes. --- European Central Bank. --- Eurozone. --- Exchange rate. --- Federal Reserve Bank. --- Fiat money. --- Financial crisis of 2007–08. --- Financial crisis. --- Financial inclusion. --- Financial institution. --- Financial services. --- Financial transaction. --- Fiscal policy. --- Government bond. --- Government debt. --- Helicopter money. --- Illegal immigration. --- Income. --- Inflation targeting. --- Inflation. --- Interest rate. --- Internal Revenue Service. --- International Monetary Fund. --- John Maynard Keynes. --- Liquidity trap. --- Long run and short run. --- Macroeconomic model. --- Macroeconomics. --- Market liquidity. --- Medium of exchange. --- Monetary authority. --- Money laundering. --- Money supply. --- Nominal interest rate. --- Payment. --- Phase Out. --- Poverty. --- Precious metal. --- Price level. --- Private sector. --- Public finance. --- Quantitative easing. --- Rates (tax). --- Real interest rate. --- Recession. --- Retail. --- Revenue. --- Securitization. --- Seigniorage. --- Stabilization policy. --- Supply (economics). --- Tax evasion. --- Tax rate. --- Tax revenue. --- Tax. --- Taylor rule. --- Technology. --- Treasury Bill. --- Uncertainty. --- Unemployment. --- Unit of account. --- United States dollar. --- Value (economics). --- Virtual currency.

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From the New York Times bestselling author of This Time Is Different, "a fascinating and important book" (Ben Bernanke) about the surprising reasons why paper money lies at the heart of many of the world's most difficult problemsThe world is drowning in cash-and it's making us poorer and less safe. In The Curse of Cash, acclaimed economist Kenneth Rogoff explores the past, present, and future of currency, from ancient China to today's cryptocurrencies, showing why, contrary to conventional economic wisdom, paper money surprisingly lies at the heart of some of the world's most difficult problems.Cash is becoming increasingly marginalized in the legal economy, but there is a record amount of it in circulation-

Currency question. --- Interest rates. --- Monetary policy. --- Money. --- Paper money. --- Account (accountancy). --- Alternative currency. --- Alternative payments. --- Bank account. --- Bank of England. --- Bank of Japan. --- Bank run. --- Bank. --- Banknote. --- Ben Bernanke. --- Bitcoin. --- Black market. --- Cash register. --- Cash. --- Central bank. --- Chief economist. --- Consumer. --- Corruption. --- Counterfeit. --- Credit card. --- Cryptocurrency. --- Currency In Circulation. --- Currency. --- Customer. --- Debit card. --- Debt. --- Deflation. --- Deposit account. --- Developed country. --- Digital currency. --- Discounts and allowances. --- Economist. --- Economy. --- Electronic money. --- Employment. --- Euro banknotes. --- European Central Bank. --- Eurozone. --- Exchange rate. --- Federal Reserve Bank. --- Fiat money. --- Financial crisis of 2007–08. --- Financial crisis. --- Financial inclusion. --- Financial institution. --- Financial services. --- Financial transaction. --- Fiscal policy. --- Government bond. --- Government debt. --- Helicopter money. --- Illegal immigration. --- Income. --- Inflation targeting. --- Inflation. --- Interest rate. --- Internal Revenue Service. --- International Monetary Fund. --- John Maynard Keynes. --- Liquidity trap. --- Long run and short run. --- Macroeconomic model. --- Macroeconomics. --- Market liquidity. --- Medium of exchange. --- Monetary authority. --- Money laundering. --- Money supply. --- Nominal interest rate. --- Payment. --- Phase Out. --- Poverty. --- Precious metal. --- Price level. --- Private sector. --- Public finance. --- Quantitative easing. --- Rates (tax). --- Real interest rate. --- Recession. --- Retail. --- Revenue. --- Securitization. --- Seigniorage. --- Stabilization policy. --- Supply (economics). --- Tax evasion. --- Tax rate. --- Tax revenue. --- Tax. --- Taylor rule. --- Technology. --- Treasury Bill. --- Uncertainty. --- Unemployment. --- Unit of account. --- United States dollar. --- Value (economics). --- Virtual currency.

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Money is nothing more than what is commonly exchanged for goods or services, so why has understanding it become so complicated? In Money, renowned economist John Kenneth Galbraith cuts through the confusions surrounding the subject to present a compelling and accessible account of a topic that affects us all. He tells the fascinating story of money, the key factors that shaped its development, and the lessons that can be learned from its history. He describes the creation and evolution of monetary systems and explains how finance, credit, and banks work in the global economy. Galbraith also shows that, when it comes to money, nothing is truly new-least of all inflation and fraud.

Economic history. --- Money --- History. --- Alexander Hamilton. --- American Revolution. --- American colonies. --- Andrew Jackson. --- Austria. --- Bank of England. --- Bank of the United States. --- Bretton Woods agreements. --- Britain. --- Christopher Columbus. --- David Ricardo. --- Employment Act (1946). --- Europe. --- Federal Reserve Act (1913). --- Federal Reserve System. --- France. --- Franklin D. Roosevelt. --- French Revolution. --- Germany. --- Great Depression. --- Gross National Product (GNP). --- Irving Fisher. --- Italy. --- John Law. --- John Maynard Keynes. --- Massachusetts Bay Colony. --- National Bank Act (1863). --- National Monetary Commission. --- New Economics. --- New York Stock Exchange. --- Nicholas Biddle. --- Richard M. Nixon. --- Robert Morris. --- Salmon P. Chase. --- Say's Law. --- Second Bank of the United States. --- The General Theory of Employment Interest and Money. --- Treasury notes. --- United States. --- Winston Churchill. --- World War I. --- World War II. --- anti-inflation policies. --- assignats. --- bank deposits. --- bank failures. --- bank notes. --- bank paper. --- bank rate. --- bank reserves. --- banks. --- budget. --- canals. --- central banks. --- coins. --- commerce. --- consumer expenditures. --- copper. --- credit. --- currency stabilization. --- deflation. --- demand. --- dual monetary system. --- economic policy. --- economy. --- employment. --- euphoria. --- finance. --- fiscal policy. --- fraud. --- free banking. --- global economy. --- gold standard. --- gold. --- government paper. --- greenbacks. --- income. --- inflation. --- investment. --- loans. --- market power. --- monetary policy. --- monetary system. --- monetary systems. --- money supply. --- money. --- national banks. --- national income. --- national product. --- notes. --- open-market operations. --- panics. --- paper money. --- politics. --- precious metals. --- prices. --- railroads. --- recessions. --- securities. --- silver. --- speculation. --- stock market crash. --- stock market. --- stocks. --- taxation. --- underemployment. --- unemployment. --- wages. --- whole prices.

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A candid explanation of how the labor market really works and is central to everything—and why it is not as healthy as we thinkRelying on unemployment numbers is a dangerous way to gauge how the labor market is doing. Because of a false sense of optimism prior to the COVID-19 shock, the working world was more vulnerable than it should have been. Not Working is about how people want full-time work at a decent wage and how the plight of the underemployed contributes to widespread despair, a worsening drug epidemic, and the unchecked rise of right-wing populism. David Blanchflower explains why the economy since the Great Recession is vastly different from what came before, and calls out our leaders for their continued failure to address one of the most unacknowledged social catastrophes of our time. This revelatory and outspoken book is his candid report on how the young and the less skilled are among the worst casualties of underemployment, how immigrants are taking the blame, and how the epidemic of unhappiness and self-destruction will continue to spread unless we deal with it. Especially urgent now, Not Working is an essential guide to strengthening the labor market for all when we need it most.

Underemployment --- Disguised unemployment --- Great Britain --- Economic conditions --- Americans. --- Andy Haldane. --- Austerity. --- Bank of England. --- Bank rate. --- Business cycle. --- Capitalism. --- Central bank. --- Chief economist. --- Competition. --- Council of Economic Advisers. --- Culture war. --- Current population survey (US). --- David Blanchflower. --- Debt. --- Developed country. --- Donald Trump. --- Downside risk. --- Economic growth. --- Economic inequality. --- Economics. --- Economist. --- Economy of the United States. --- Economy. --- Employment. --- Eurobarometer. --- Eurostat. --- External examiner. --- Federal Open Market Committee. --- Financial crisis of 2007–08. --- Financial crisis. --- Forecasting. --- Frexit. --- Full employment. --- Full-time. --- Globalization. --- Great Recession. --- Household. --- Illegal immigration. --- Immigration. --- Income. --- Inflation. --- Interest rate. --- John Maynard Keynes. --- Labor demand. --- Labour supply. --- Lecture. --- Lithuania. --- Long run and short run. --- Macroeconomics. --- Mark Carney. --- Medicaid. --- Minimum wage. --- Monetary Policy Committee. --- NAIRU. --- Natural rate of unemployment. --- Negative Growth. --- Obesity. --- Opioid. --- Part-time contract. --- Paul Krugman. --- Pension. --- Percentage point. --- Percentage. --- Policy. --- Politician. --- Populism. --- Poverty. --- Private sector. --- Quantitative easing. --- Real estate appraisal. --- Real estate economics. --- Real wages. --- Recession. --- Retail. --- Right-wing populism. --- Saving. --- Self-employment. --- Shortage. --- Supervisor. --- Supply (economics). --- Tariff. --- Tax cut. --- Tax. --- Technology. --- The Economist. --- The New York Times. --- Trade union. --- Trade war. --- Uncertainty. --- Underemployment. --- Unemployment benefits. --- Unemployment in the United States. --- Unemployment. --- Voting. --- Wage. --- Well-being. --- Workforce. --- Year. --- YouGov.