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This book is designed to introduce designers, engineers, technologists, estimators, project managers, and financial analysts as well as students in engineering and business to strategic cost tools for project cost evaluations. The three main sections are as follows. (1) Cost Relationships, Financial Statements, and Performance Measures—This section describes the relationships between cash flows and profits; the relationships between financial statements and the Purcell Diagram; and the issues of cost estimating, time-based breakeven analysis and time-based earned schedule. (2) Tools for Economic Evaluations—This section considers the basic mathematical relations used behind the economic equations and factors; discrete and continuous interest; depreciation terms and methods; and the Present Value of Principal Approach for evaluating loans. (3) Methods for Project Evaluation and Risk Analysis—This section considers payback periods, present worth analysis, return on investment, internal rate of return, benefit/cost ratios and positive-negative project balances; risk techniques of sensitivity analysis, optimistic-pessimistic analysis, discrete probability examples, and continuous probability models using the normal and triangular distributions.

Engineering design. --- Materials. --- Professional education. --- Vocational education. --- Engineering Design. --- Materials Engineering. --- Professional and Vocational Education.

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This book is written to address the issues relating to data gathering, data warehousing, and data analysis, all of which are useful when working with large amounts of data. Using practical examples of market intelligence, this book is designed to inspire and inform readers on how to conduct market intelligence by leveraging data and technology, supporting smart decision making. The book explains some suitable methodologies for data analysis that are based on robust statistical methods. For illustrative purposes, the author uses real-life data for all the examples in this book. In addition, the book discusses the concepts, techniques, and applications of digital media and mobile data mining. Hence, this book is a guide tool for policy makers, academics, and practitioners whose areas of interest are statistical inference, applied statistics, applied mathematics, business mathematics, quantitative techniques, and economic and social statistics.

Engineering design. --- Materials. --- Professional education. --- Vocational education. --- Engineering Design. --- Materials Engineering. --- Professional and Vocational Education.

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This thesis works on the topic of fiber-reinforced plastics and discusses the measurement of strain with embedded sensors. Embedding sensors into a structure fundamentally poses challenges arising from the differences in mechanical properties of sensor and structure. This thesis works on the research area of Self-Sensing, where these challenges are overcome by using carbon fibers for both load-carrying and strain-sensing functions. Starting with a literature review, this thesis proposes three research hypotheses, which are targeted to describe the Self-Sensing properties of unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRPs) for strain measurements. These hypotheses assume, that the electric anisotropy of the material results in a complex voltage distribution within a Self-Sensing specimen. In order to discuss this point further, a two-dimensional piezoresistivity model based on the Laplace equation is introduced. The developed model newly allows to quantify the electric potential changes in specimens with arbitrary geometrical dimensions and electric anisotropy. Furthermore, this thesis discusses a set of experimental results on the piezoresistive properties of unidirectional CFRP made with the pultrusion process. Overall, the results of the experiments indicate that the most repeatable results are obtained for specimens with electric contacts at their cut-end. This approach allows to manufacture Self-Strain-Sensing rods with a gauge factor of approximately 1.9 that can be used in a multifunctional manner for both load-carrying and strain-sensing purposes. Furthermore, a novel measurement setup is developed, which allows to acquire the electric potential distribution on the surface of electrical conductors with very high spacial resolution. This experimental setup newly reveals that the current flow in specimens can be more complex than assumed in a two-dimensional model.

Materials. --- Engineering design. --- Engineering mathematics. --- Engineering—Data processing. --- Materials Engineering. --- Engineering Design. --- Mathematical and Computational Engineering Applications. --- Engineering --- Engineering analysis --- Mathematical analysis --- Design, Engineering --- Industrial design --- Strains and stresses --- Engineering materials --- Industrial materials --- Engineering design --- Manufacturing processes --- Mathematics --- Design --- Materials --- Fiber-reinforced plastics industry. --- Piezoelectricity. --- Piezo-electricity --- Piezoelectric effect --- Pyro- and piezo-electricity --- Crystallography --- Electricity --- Pyroelectricity --- Plastics industry and trade

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This book addresses the current status, challenges and future directions of data-driven materials discovery and design. It presents the analysis and learning from data as a key theme in many science and cyber related applications. The challenging open questions as well as future directions in the application of data science to materials problems are sketched. Computational and experimental facilities today generate vast amounts of data at an unprecedented rate. The book gives guidance to discover new knowledge that enables materials innovation to address grand challenges in energy, environment and security, the clearer link needed between the data from these facilities and the theory and underlying science. The role of inference and optimization methods in distilling the data and constraining predictions using insights and results from theory is key to achieving the desired goals of real time analysis and feedback. Thus, the importance of this book lies in emphasizing that the full value of knowledge driven discovery using data can only be realized by integrating statistical and information sciences with materials science, which is increasingly dependent on high throughput and large scale computational and experimental data gathering efforts. This is especially the case as we enter a new era of big data in materials science with the planning of future experimental facilities such as the Linac Coherent Light Source at Stanford (LCLS-II), the European X-ray Free Electron Laser (EXFEL) and MaRIE (Matter Radiation in Extremes), the signature concept facility from Los Alamos National Laboratory. These facilities are expected to generate hundreds of terabytes to several petabytes of in situ spatially and temporally resolved data per sample. The questions that then arise include how we can learn from the data to accelerate the processing and analysis of reconstructed microstructure, rapidly map spatially resolved properties from high throughput data, devise diagnostics for pattern detection, and guide experiments towards desired targeted properties. The authors are an interdisciplinary group of leading experts who bring the excitement of the nascent and rapidly emerging field of materials informatics to the reader. .

Data mining. --- Materials science. --- Material science --- Physical sciences --- Algorithmic knowledge discovery --- Factual data analysis --- KDD (Information retrieval) --- Knowledge discovery in data --- Knowledge discovery in databases --- Mining, Data --- Database searching --- Surfaces (Physics). --- Computer science. --- Numerical analysis. --- Numerical and Computational Physics, Simulation. --- Characterization and Evaluation of Materials. --- Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery. --- Materials Engineering. --- Computational Science and Engineering. --- Numerical Analysis. --- Mathematical analysis --- Informatics --- Science --- Physics --- Surface chemistry --- Surfaces (Technology) --- Physics. --- Engineering—Materials. --- Computer mathematics. --- Computer mathematics --- Electronic data processing --- Mathematics --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Dynamics

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This book publishes some papers presented at The International Conference on Water Energy Food and Sustainability (ICoWEFS 2023), a major forum to foster innovation and exchange knowledge in the water-energy-food nexus. The topics covered embrace the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations, including Future trends in Water Security, Smart Technologies in Sustainable Energy Production Systems, Circular systems for rural and urban food and Integrated Ecosystems Management.

Sustainability. --- Water. --- Hydrology. --- Materials. --- Materials Engineering. --- Engineering --- Engineering materials --- Industrial materials --- Engineering design --- Manufacturing processes --- Aquatic sciences --- Earth sciences --- Hydrography --- Water --- Hydrology --- Sustainability science --- Human ecology --- Social ecology --- Materials --- Food security --- Food security. --- Sustainable development. --- Development, Sustainable --- Ecologically sustainable development --- Economic development, Sustainable --- Economic sustainability --- ESD (Ecologically sustainable development) --- Smart growth --- Sustainable development --- Sustainable economic development --- Economic development --- Food deserts --- Food insecurity --- Insecurity, Food --- Security, Food --- Human security --- Food supply --- Environmental aspects