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This book is designed to introduce designers, engineers, technologists, estimators, project managers, and financial analysts as well as students in engineering and business to strategic cost tools for project cost evaluations. The three main sections are as follows. (1) Cost Relationships, Financial Statements, and Performance Measures—This section describes the relationships between cash flows and profits; the relationships between financial statements and the Purcell Diagram; and the issues of cost estimating, time-based breakeven analysis and time-based earned schedule. (2) Tools for Economic Evaluations—This section considers the basic mathematical relations used behind the economic equations and factors; discrete and continuous interest; depreciation terms and methods; and the Present Value of Principal Approach for evaluating loans. (3) Methods for Project Evaluation and Risk Analysis—This section considers payback periods, present worth analysis, return on investment, internal rate of return, benefit/cost ratios and positive-negative project balances; risk techniques of sensitivity analysis, optimistic-pessimistic analysis, discrete probability examples, and continuous probability models using the normal and triangular distributions.
Engineering design. --- Materials. --- Professional education. --- Vocational education. --- Engineering Design. --- Materials Engineering. --- Professional and Vocational Education.
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There is only a very limited number of physical systems that can be exactly described in terms of simple analytic functions. There are, however, a vast range of problems which are amenable to a computational approach. This book provides a concise, self-contained introduction to the basic numerical and analytic techniques, which form the foundations of the algorithms commonly employed to give a quantitative description of systems of genuine physical interest. The methods developed are applied to representative problems from classical and quantum physics.
Engineering design. --- Materials. --- Professional education. --- Vocational education. --- Engineering Design. --- Materials Engineering. --- Professional and Vocational Education.
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This book is written to address the issues relating to data gathering, data warehousing, and data analysis, all of which are useful when working with large amounts of data. Using practical examples of market intelligence, this book is designed to inspire and inform readers on how to conduct market intelligence by leveraging data and technology, supporting smart decision making. The book explains some suitable methodologies for data analysis that are based on robust statistical methods. For illustrative purposes, the author uses real-life data for all the examples in this book. In addition, the book discusses the concepts, techniques, and applications of digital media and mobile data mining. Hence, this book is a guide tool for policy makers, academics, and practitioners whose areas of interest are statistical inference, applied statistics, applied mathematics, business mathematics, quantitative techniques, and economic and social statistics.
Engineering design. --- Materials. --- Professional education. --- Vocational education. --- Engineering Design. --- Materials Engineering. --- Professional and Vocational Education.
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Im Common-Rail-Einspritzsystem bei Verbrennungsmotoren wird die Kraftstoffverteilerleiste durch pulsierenden Innendruck mit über 2000 bar beansprucht. Damit das Rail dauerfest ist, wird es autofrettiert. Sebastian Rogowski entwickelt mit Computersimulationen eine Prognosemethode für die Dauerfestigkeit des Rails. Dafür simuliert er ein Spannungsintensitätenfeld unter Berücksichtigung von Druckeigenspannungen und Innendruckbelastung. Der Autor kann so also Rissstoppkonturen in komplexen Bauteilen mit Eigenspannungen vorhersagen. Der Inhalt Elastisch-plastisches Materialverhalten in der FEM-Berechnung Das Common-Rail-System und der Autofrettage-Prozess Detektion von Rissstoppkonturen Erstellung des Spannungsintensitätsfaktorfelds und Ermittlung der virtuellen Rissstoppkontur Die Zielgruppen Dozierende und Studierende der Fachgebiete Material- und Ingenieurswissenschaften sowie Maschinenbau Praktisch Tätige in der Automobilbranche in den Bereichen Simulation und Berechnung, Entwicklung sowie Verbrennungsmotor Der Autor Sebastian Rogowski ist Simulationsingenieur mit den Schwerpunkten statische FEM, Rissbildung und Materialmodellierung bei einem deutschen Automobilkonzern. Er hat berufsbegleitend an der Technischen Universität Carolo-Wilhelmina zu Braunschweig promoviert.
Application software. --- Engineering—Materials. --- Mechanical engineering. --- Computer Applications. --- Materials Engineering. --- Mechanical Engineering.
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This thesis works on the topic of fiber-reinforced plastics and discusses the measurement of strain with embedded sensors. Embedding sensors into a structure fundamentally poses challenges arising from the differences in mechanical properties of sensor and structure. This thesis works on the research area of Self-Sensing, where these challenges are overcome by using carbon fibers for both load-carrying and strain-sensing functions. Starting with a literature review, this thesis proposes three research hypotheses, which are targeted to describe the Self-Sensing properties of unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRPs) for strain measurements. These hypotheses assume, that the electric anisotropy of the material results in a complex voltage distribution within a Self-Sensing specimen. In order to discuss this point further, a two-dimensional piezoresistivity model based on the Laplace equation is introduced. The developed model newly allows to quantify the electric potential changes in specimens with arbitrary geometrical dimensions and electric anisotropy. Furthermore, this thesis discusses a set of experimental results on the piezoresistive properties of unidirectional CFRP made with the pultrusion process. Overall, the results of the experiments indicate that the most repeatable results are obtained for specimens with electric contacts at their cut-end. This approach allows to manufacture Self-Strain-Sensing rods with a gauge factor of approximately 1.9 that can be used in a multifunctional manner for both load-carrying and strain-sensing purposes. Furthermore, a novel measurement setup is developed, which allows to acquire the electric potential distribution on the surface of electrical conductors with very high spacial resolution. This experimental setup newly reveals that the current flow in specimens can be more complex than assumed in a two-dimensional model.
Materials. --- Engineering design. --- Engineering mathematics. --- Engineering—Data processing. --- Materials Engineering. --- Engineering Design. --- Mathematical and Computational Engineering Applications. --- Engineering --- Engineering analysis --- Mathematical analysis --- Design, Engineering --- Industrial design --- Strains and stresses --- Engineering materials --- Industrial materials --- Engineering design --- Manufacturing processes --- Mathematics --- Design --- Materials --- Fiber-reinforced plastics industry. --- Piezoelectricity. --- Piezo-electricity --- Piezoelectric effect --- Pyro- and piezo-electricity --- Crystallography --- Electricity --- Pyroelectricity --- Plastics industry and trade
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This book addresses how the progress of the Russian aluminium industry, which has developed into an important global actor, has been influenced by the interaction of global market forces and the evolution of the Russian political system. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russian aluminium producers needed to adapt to changing framework conditions, both with regards to the global aluminium market and in Russia. Examining the most important changes in the organization of the global aluminium trade – the reorganization and consolidation of Russian aluminium industry and its ‘oligarchization’ – Godzimirski charts the evolution of the relationship between political and economic power in Russia, and the impact that this development has had on survival and adaptation strategies of key aluminium players in the country.
Structural adjustment (Economic policy) --- Russia (Federation) --- Economic policy. --- Politics and government. --- Political economy. --- Russia-Politics and government. --- Europe-Politics and government. --- Political science. --- International Political Economy. --- Russian and Post-Soviet Politics. --- European Politics. --- Governance and Government. --- Materials Engineering. --- Administration --- Civil government --- Commonwealth, The --- Government --- Political theory --- Political thought --- Politics --- Science, Political --- Social sciences --- State, The --- Economic theory --- Political economy --- Economic man --- Russia—Politics and government. --- Europe—Politics and government. --- Engineering—Materials. --- Engineering --- Materials. --- Russia --- Europe
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This book addresses the current status, challenges and future directions of data-driven materials discovery and design. It presents the analysis and learning from data as a key theme in many science and cyber related applications. The challenging open questions as well as future directions in the application of data science to materials problems are sketched. Computational and experimental facilities today generate vast amounts of data at an unprecedented rate. The book gives guidance to discover new knowledge that enables materials innovation to address grand challenges in energy, environment and security, the clearer link needed between the data from these facilities and the theory and underlying science. The role of inference and optimization methods in distilling the data and constraining predictions using insights and results from theory is key to achieving the desired goals of real time analysis and feedback. Thus, the importance of this book lies in emphasizing that the full value of knowledge driven discovery using data can only be realized by integrating statistical and information sciences with materials science, which is increasingly dependent on high throughput and large scale computational and experimental data gathering efforts. This is especially the case as we enter a new era of big data in materials science with the planning of future experimental facilities such as the Linac Coherent Light Source at Stanford (LCLS-II), the European X-ray Free Electron Laser (EXFEL) and MaRIE (Matter Radiation in Extremes), the signature concept facility from Los Alamos National Laboratory. These facilities are expected to generate hundreds of terabytes to several petabytes of in situ spatially and temporally resolved data per sample. The questions that then arise include how we can learn from the data to accelerate the processing and analysis of reconstructed microstructure, rapidly map spatially resolved properties from high throughput data, devise diagnostics for pattern detection, and guide experiments towards desired targeted properties. The authors are an interdisciplinary group of leading experts who bring the excitement of the nascent and rapidly emerging field of materials informatics to the reader. .
Data mining. --- Materials science. --- Material science --- Physical sciences --- Algorithmic knowledge discovery --- Factual data analysis --- KDD (Information retrieval) --- Knowledge discovery in data --- Knowledge discovery in databases --- Mining, Data --- Database searching --- Surfaces (Physics). --- Computer science. --- Numerical analysis. --- Numerical and Computational Physics, Simulation. --- Characterization and Evaluation of Materials. --- Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery. --- Materials Engineering. --- Computational Science and Engineering. --- Numerical Analysis. --- Mathematical analysis --- Informatics --- Science --- Physics --- Surface chemistry --- Surfaces (Technology) --- Physics. --- Engineering—Materials. --- Computer mathematics. --- Computer mathematics --- Electronic data processing --- Mathematics --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Dynamics
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The book covers in particular state-of-the-art scientific research about product quality control and related health and environmental safety topics, including human, animal and plant safety assurance issues. These conference proceedings provide contemporary information on the general theoretical, metrological and practical issues of the production and application of reference materials. Reference materials play an integral role in physical, chemical and related type of measurements, ensuring their uniformity, comparability and the validity of quantitative analysis as well as, as a result, the objectivity of decisions concerning the elimination of technical barriers in commercial and economic, scientific and technical and other spheres of cooperation. The book is intended for researchers and practitioners in the field of chemistry, metrologists, technical physics, as well as for specialists in analytical laboratories, or working for companies and organizations involved in the production, distribution and use of reference materials.
Quality control --- Measurement. --- Measuring instruments. --- Materials—Analysis. --- Materials. --- Spectrum analysis. --- Measurement Science and Instrumentation. --- Materials Characterization Technique. --- Materials Engineering. --- Spectroscopy. --- Analysis, Spectrum --- Spectra --- Spectrochemical analysis --- Spectrochemistry --- Spectrometry --- Spectroscopy --- Analytical chemistry --- Interferometry --- Optics --- Radiation --- Wave-motion, Theory of --- Absorption spectra --- Light --- Spectroscope --- Engineering --- Engineering materials --- Industrial materials --- Engineering design --- Manufacturing processes --- Instruments, Measuring --- Measurement --- Measuring tools --- Scientific apparatus and instruments --- Measuring --- Mensuration --- Mathematics --- Technology --- Metrology --- Physical measurements --- Qualitative --- Materials --- Instruments
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This book publishes some papers presented at The International Conference on Water Energy Food and Sustainability (ICoWEFS 2023), a major forum to foster innovation and exchange knowledge in the water-energy-food nexus. The topics covered embrace the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations, including Future trends in Water Security, Smart Technologies in Sustainable Energy Production Systems, Circular systems for rural and urban food and Integrated Ecosystems Management.
Sustainability. --- Water. --- Hydrology. --- Materials. --- Materials Engineering. --- Engineering --- Engineering materials --- Industrial materials --- Engineering design --- Manufacturing processes --- Aquatic sciences --- Earth sciences --- Hydrography --- Water --- Hydrology --- Sustainability science --- Human ecology --- Social ecology --- Materials --- Food security --- Food security. --- Sustainable development. --- Development, Sustainable --- Ecologically sustainable development --- Economic development, Sustainable --- Economic sustainability --- ESD (Ecologically sustainable development) --- Smart growth --- Sustainable development --- Sustainable economic development --- Economic development --- Food deserts --- Food insecurity --- Insecurity, Food --- Security, Food --- Human security --- Food supply --- Environmental aspects
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This book presents cutting-edge theories, techniques, and methodologies in the multidisciplinary field of high-speed railways, sharing the revealing insights of elite scholars from China, the UK and Japan. It demonstrates the achievements that have been made regarding high-speed rail technologies in China from all aspects, while also providing a macro-level comparative study of related technologies in different countries. The book offers a valuable resource for researchers, engineers, industrial practitioners, graduate students, and professionals in the fields of Vehicles, Traction Power Supplies, Materials, and Infrastructure.
Engineering. --- Transportation. --- Mechanics. --- Mechanics, Applied. --- Transportation engineering. --- Traffic engineering. --- Electrical engineering. --- Engineering --- Transportation Technology and Traffic Engineering. --- Electrical Engineering. --- Theoretical and Applied Mechanics. --- Materials Engineering. --- Materials. --- High speed trains --- Bullet trains --- Metroliners --- Trains, High speed --- Turbotrains --- High speed ground transportation --- Railroad trains --- Traffic Engineering. --- Computer engineering. --- Mechanics, applied. --- Applied mechanics --- Engineering, Mechanical --- Engineering mathematics --- Computers --- Engineering, Traffic --- Road traffic --- Street traffic --- Traffic, City --- Traffic control --- Traffic regulation --- Urban traffic --- Highway engineering --- Transportation engineering --- Design and construction --- Engineering—Materials. --- Classical mechanics --- Newtonian mechanics --- Physics --- Dynamics --- Quantum theory --- Electric engineering --- Civil engineering --- Public transportation --- Transport --- Transportation --- Transportation, Primitive --- Transportation companies --- Transportation industry --- Locomotion --- Commerce --- Communication and traffic --- Storage and moving trade --- Economic aspects
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