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Grammar, Comparative and general --- Morphology.

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"In this book, the traditional definition of 'grammaticalization' is challenged in the light of current developments in grammar theory. The main innovation of this approach is the focus on the feature composition of lexical items. From this perspective, the loss of past participle agreement in Catalan is analyzed on the basis of newly collected data as a consequence of the grammaticalization of formal features. The emergence of syntactic formal features through grammaticalization is understood as a last-resort repair mechanism for pragmatically costly derivations. Further far-reaching implications of this proposal under discussion are: the interplay between (re-)parametrization, economy, cyclicity and grammaticalization; the characterization of free variation under a modified version of the Interface Hypothesis; and the precedence of syntactic over morphological change. This book is not only of interest to specialists in Romance languages but also to anyone working on diachronic linguistics"--

Romance languages --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Catalan language --- Participle. --- Agreement.

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Ever since Max Weber and Frederick Taylor, public organizations have been told that effective practice lies in maximizing rationality through science. Yet science-based management reforms have had only marginal impact on performance. People in entry-level positions possess knowledge from direct experience of the work, management knowledge is often science-based and distanced from the work, and appointed top executives struggle to join bureaucratic rationality with political exigencies. Knowledge and Power in Public Bureaucracies: From Pyramid to Circle offers fresh thinking about public organizations, arguing that conflicting forms of knowledge may be found within the bureaucratic pyramid. Answering the question of why management reforms over the past century have failed on their own terms, this book examines the existence of conflicting forms of knowledge within public bureaucracies, how these contradictory perspectives interact (or fail to interact), and the ways in which these systems preserve managerial efforts to control workers. Authors Carnevale and Stivers argue that bureaucratic rationality is not the one best way, as Taylor promised, and indeed, there is no one best way or model that can be deployed in all situations. The bureaucratic pyramid can, however, be made more effective by paying attention to circular processes that are widespread within the hierarchy, the authors argue, describing such circular processes as facework. This book will serve as an ideal supplement to introductory public administration and organizational theory courses, as well as courses for mid-career professionals, helping to frame their work experiences.

Phonetics --- Grammar --- English language --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Polish language --- Grammar, Comparative --- Polish. --- Morphology. --- Phonology. --- English. --- Administrative agencies Management. --- Knowledge, Theory of.

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This book challenges neurocentrism by advocating a systemic view of cognition based on investigating how action shapes the experience of thinking, placing interactivity at its heart. This systemic viewpoint makes three main claims. First, that many elaborate cognitive skills like language, problem solving and human-computer interaction (HCI) are based in sense-saturated coordination or interactivity. Second, interactivity produces a tightly woven scaffold of resources, some internal to the agent and others external, that elevates and transforms thinking. Third, human agents entwine brains, bodies and their surroundings as they manage multi-scalar dynamics. This new edition continues to demonstrate how a systemic perspective casts a productive light on thinking in applied domains such as crime scene analysis, the use of information technology in construction, and computer-meditated trusts and presents new studies on the cognitive ecology of the web, multi-scalar temporal and organisational cognition and the importance of interactive material engagement in digital architecture. Authors use various scales of the systemic viewpoint to illustrate how bodies and artefacts shape thinking, but in all cases the experience of materiality is meshed with activity that involves the world beyond the body. Cognition Beyond the Brain is a valuable reference for researchers, practitioners and graduate students within the fields of Computer Science, Psychology, Linguistics and Cognitive Sciences.

Computer science. --- User interfaces (Computer systems). --- Cognitive grammar. --- Cognitive psychology. --- Computer Science. --- User Interfaces and Human Computer Interaction. --- Cognitive Psychology. --- Cognitive Linguistics. --- Cognition. --- Cognitive science. --- Psychology --- Science --- Philosophy of mind --- Consciousness. --- Cognitive linguistics --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Psycholinguistics --- Apperception --- Mind and body --- Perception --- Philosophy --- Spirit --- Self --- Informatics --- Psychology, Cognitive --- Cognitive science --- Interfaces, User (Computer systems) --- Human-machine systems --- Human-computer interaction

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This concise volume evaluates the cause and significance of recent corporate failures and financial scandals, and how they reflect on the fitness for purpose of the external auditors, financial reports, financial watchdogs, boards, directors and senior management. Failures like the disastrous collapse of Carillion, examined at length, have ultimately led to a crisis of confidence not only in the audit process but in the entire process of financial reporting. Revealing the shortcomings in audit quality, independence, choice and the growing expectation gap, Financial Failures and Scandals questions if the profession, its regulators or government watchdogs, are adequately prepared for the challenges of increasing regulation, public outcry and political scrutiny in the face of inevitable future financial failures. The fundamental structures of financial reporting, annual reports, boards of directors and senior management are often found to have failed. Tighter regulation and new requirements for reporting will inevitably result. Drawing on extensive research and interviews with insiders, users and experts, this unique book provides a compelling account of the profoundly disruptive impact of financial failures on corporate and financial accountability. Topical and readable, this book will be of great interest to students, researchers and professionals in accounting and auditing, as well as to policy makers and regulators.

Lexicology. Semantics --- Pragmatics --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- -Reference (Linguistics) --- Semantics --- Formal semantics --- Semasiology --- Semiology (Semantics) --- Comparative linguistics --- Information theory --- Language and languages --- Lexicology --- Meaning (Psychology) --- Signification (Linguistics) --- Linguistics --- Onomasiology --- Comparative grammar --- Grammar --- Grammar, Philosophical --- Grammar, Universal --- Philosophical grammar --- Philology --- Noun phrase --- Grammar, Comparative --- Reference (Linguistics) --- Semantics. --- Noun phrase. --- Reference (Linguistics). --- Subject (Grammar) --- Complex nominals --- Subject --- Nominals --- Ernst & Young. --- Ernst and Young --- Ernst & Young LLP --- Ernst & Young International --- EYI (Firm) --- E&Y (Firm) --- EY (Firm) --- Ernst & Whinney --- Arthur Young & Company --- Auditing. --- BUSINESS & ECONOMICS / Accounting / Financial. --- Audits --- Financial statements --- Accounting --- Comfort letters --- Auditing --- E-books --- Business failures --- Corporations --- Finance --- Corrupt practices --- Business corporations --- C corporations --- Corporations, Business --- Corporations, Public --- Limited companies --- Publicly held corporations --- Publicly traded corporations --- Public limited companies --- Stock corporations --- Subchapter C corporations --- Business enterprises --- Corporate power --- Disincorporation --- Stocks --- Trusts, Industrial --- Business mortality --- Failure in business --- Mortality, Business --- Success in business