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Unravelling the mysteries of Africa's underdevelopment presents an Afrocentric ideological understanding of the continent's fragmentation; a scientific and objective (Mijadala) discourse as well as an approach of how to move progressively and sustainably Africa forward. The breadth and depth of the book shows the unwavering impoverishment and urgent need for the continent to stand up and take the bull by the horn. It offers an inspiring means of grappling with the continent's problems to build the change we want - An African Wealth of Nation - not the continent of collapsed, failed states under the governance construct of centralised authoritarian regimes It is a thought-provoking discourse that challenges us all to be inherent participants in the reconstruction of a Brave New Africa far beyond the 21st Century.

Economic development --- Social planning --- Social development planning --- Planning --- Development, Economic --- Economic growth --- Growth, Economic --- Economic policy --- Economics --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Development economics --- Resource curse --- Political aspects

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The ever growing disparity in living standards between the developed and developing polities constitutes a striking feature of life on Planet Earth. This publication is an attempt to highlight some of the factors dividing the worlds apart. A new North-South synergy is needed in creating a balanced world at peace with itself. As long as more than half-the population of the world go to bed hungry there can be no peace. A sting rich world and a sting poor world cannot cohabit peacefully. How to build a more equitable and balanced world is the challenge facing us. We need to embrace and practice our long-aged concepts of 'ubuntu', 'harambee' and 'batho pele' among others in creating, and consolidating the new world order. Africa is underdeveloped. It requires serious structural modification in our current mindset, thinking and actions which calls for total involvement of every citizen. The ideas advanced in this book are strategies and pathways for dealing with the problems of poverty, corruption, the distribution of power, deterrence, good governance, health, human capacity building and the challenge of bringing about a systemic structural-functional governance construct for the African continent.

Economic development --- Development, Economic --- Economic growth --- Growth, Economic --- Economic policy --- Economics --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Development economics --- Resource curse --- Africa --- Economic conditions. --- Economic policy. --- Cost and standard of living --- Social planning --- Social development planning --- Planning --- Comfort, Standard of --- Cost of living --- Food, Cost of --- Household expenses --- Living, Cost of --- Living, Standard of --- Standard of living --- Consumption (Economics) --- Home economics --- Households --- Quality of life --- Wealth --- Luxury --- Prices --- Purchasing power --- Wages --- Surveys --- E-books

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This paper assesses the effects of structural reforms on firm-level productivity for 37 developing countries from 2006 to 2014 period. It takes advantage of the IMF Monitoring of Fund Arrangements dataset for reform indexes and the World Bank Enterprise Surveys for firm-level productivity. The paper highlights the following results. Structural reforms such as financial, fiscal, real sector, and trade reforms, significantly improve firm-level productivity. Interestingly, real sector reforms have the most sizeable effects on firm-level productivity. The relationship between structural reforms and firm-level productivity is nonlinear and shaped by some firms’ characteristics such as the financial access, the distortionary environment, and the size of firms. The pace of structural reforms matters since being a “strong reformer” is associated with a clear productivity dividend for firms. Finally, except for financial and trade reforms, all structural reforms under consideration are bilaterally complementary in improving firm-level productivity. These findings are robust to several sensitivity checks.

Corporate Finance --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Production and Operations Management --- Firm Behavior: Empirical Analysis --- Economic Development: Financial Markets --- Saving and Capital Investment --- Corporate Finance and Governance --- Fiscal and Monetary Policy in Development --- Development Planning and Policy: Trade Policy --- Factor Movement --- Foreign Exchange Policy --- Institutions and the Macroeconomy --- Macroeconomics: Production --- Human Capital --- Skills --- Occupational Choice --- Labor Productivity --- Fiscal Policy --- Financial Institutions and Services: General --- Structural reforms --- Productivity --- Labor productivity --- Fiscal policy --- Business environment --- Macrostructural analysis --- Production --- Economic sectors --- Industrial productivity --- Business enterprises --- Bangladesh

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The assessment of external positions and exchange rates is a key mandate of the IMF. This paper presents the updated External Balance Assessment (EBA) framework—a key input in the conduct of multilaterally-consistent external sector assessments of 49 advanced and emerging market economies—following the two rounds of refinements adopted since the framework was introduced in 2012 (as described in Phillips et al., 2013). It also presents new complementary tools for shedding light on the role of structural factors in explaining external imbalances and assessing potential biases in the measurement of external positions. Remaining challenges and areas of future work are also discussed.

Balance of payments --- Foreign exchange rates --- Current account balance (International trade) --- International payments, Balance of --- Foreign exchange --- Terms of trade --- Balance of trade --- International liquidity --- Econometric models. --- Exports and Imports --- Foreign Exchange --- International Investment --- Long-term Capital Movements --- Current Account Adjustment --- Short-term Capital Movements --- Open Economy Macroeconomics --- International Policy Coordination and Transmission --- International Financial Markets --- General Financial Markets: Government Policy and Regulation --- Economic Development: Financial Markets --- Saving and Capital Investment --- Corporate Finance and Governance --- Development Planning and Policy: Trade Policy --- Factor Movement --- Foreign Exchange Policy --- International economics --- Currency --- Current account --- Current account balance --- Real effective exchange rates --- Capital controls --- External balance assessment (EBA) --- External position --- Capital movements --- International finance --- United States

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This paper takes a fresh look at the current theories of structural transformation and the role of private and public fundamentals in the process. It summarizes some representative past and current experiences of various countries vis-a-vis structural transformation with a focus on the roles of manufacturing, policy, and the international environment in shaping the trajectory of structural transformation. The salient aspects of the current debate on premature deindustrialization and its relation to a middle-income trap are described as they relate to the path of structural transformation. Conclusions are drawn regarding prospective future paths for structural transformation and development policies.

Macroeconomics. --- Economics --- Macroeconomics --- Economics: General --- International Economics --- Industries: Manufacturing --- Production and Operations Management --- Labor --- Foreign Exchange --- Informal Economy --- Underground Econom --- Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development --- Development Planning and Policy: General --- Institutions and Growth --- Economywide Country Studies: General --- Economywide Country Studies: Africa --- Industrial Organization and Macroeconomics: Industrial Structure and Structural Change --- Industrial Price Indices --- Industry Studies: Manufacturing: General --- Aggregate Factor Income Distribution --- Macroeconomics: Production --- Employment --- Unemployment --- Wages --- Intergenerational Income Distribution --- Aggregate Human Capital --- Aggregate Labor Productivity --- Economic & financial crises & disasters --- Economics of specific sectors --- Economic growth --- Manufacturing industries --- Labour --- income economics --- Financial crises --- Economic sectors --- Structural transformation --- Manufacturing --- Income --- National accounts --- Productivity --- Production --- Currency crises --- Informal sector --- Economic development --- Industrial productivity --- Economic theory --- Ghana