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We study economic globalization as a multidimensional process and investigate its effect on incomes. In a panel of 147 countries during 1970-2014, we apply a new instrumental variable, exploiting globalization’s geographically diffusive character, and find differential gains from globalization both across and within countries: Income gains are substantial for countries at early and medium stages of the globalization process, but the marginal returns diminish as globalization rises, eventually becoming insignificant. Within countries, these gains are concentrated at the top of national income distributions, resulting in rising inequality. We find that domestic policies can mitigate the adverse distributional effects of globalization.

Globalization --- Economic aspects. --- Exports and Imports --- Macroeconomics --- Globalization: Macroeconomic Impacts --- Globalization: Economic Development --- Education and Inequality --- Economic Development: Human Resources --- Human Development --- Income Distribution --- Migration --- Measurement of Economic Growth --- Aggregate Productivity --- Cross-Country Output Convergence --- Globalization: General --- Aggregate Factor Income Distribution --- Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions --- Economic Integration --- International economics --- Personal income --- Income inequality --- Income distribution --- Economic integration --- National accounts --- Income --- International economic integration --- Burkina Faso

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This paper examines the effect of the efficiency of the education system on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). First, it focuses on the external efficiency and applies a frontier-based measure as a proxy of the ability of countries to optimally convert the average years of schooling into income for individuals. Second, it shows the relationship between the external efficiency of the education system and FDI inflows by applying GMM regression technique. The results show that the efficiency level varies across regions and countries and appears to be driven by higher education and secondary vocational education. Similarly to other studies in the literature, there is no significant relationship between the average years of schooling and FDI inflows. However, this study shows that the external efficiency of the education system is important for FDI inflows. Improving the external efficiency of the education system can play a role in attracting FDI especially in non-resource rich countries, nonlandloked countries and countries in the low and medium human development groups.

Investments, Foreign. --- Capital exports --- Capital imports --- FDI (Foreign direct investment) --- Foreign direct investment --- Foreign investment --- Foreign investments --- International investment --- Offshore investments --- Outward investments --- Capital movements --- Investments --- Exports and Imports --- Labor --- Macroeconomics --- Economic Development: Human Resources --- Human Development --- Income Distribution --- Migration --- Education and Economic Development --- Multinational Firms --- International Business --- Education: General --- International Investment --- Long-term Capital Movements --- Human Capital --- Skills --- Occupational Choice --- Labor Productivity --- Demand and Supply of Labor: General --- Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions --- Education --- Finance --- Labour --- income economics --- Human capital --- Labor markets --- Personal income --- Balance of payments --- National accounts --- Investments, Foreign --- Labor market --- Income --- China, People's Republic of --- Income economics

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We study how the distribution of earnings growth evolves over the business cycle in Italy. We distinguish between two sources of annual earnings growth: changes in employment time (number of weeks of employment within a year) and changes in weekly earnings. Changes in employment time generate the tails of the earnings growth distribution, and account for the increased dispersion and negative skewness in the distribution of earnings growth in recessions. In contrast, the cross-sectional distribution of weekly earnings growth is symmetric and stable over the cycle. Thus, models that rely on cyclical idiosyncratic risk, should separately account for the employment margin in their earnings process to avoid erroneous conclusions. We propose such a process, based on the combination of simple employment and wage processes with few parameters, and show that it captures the procyclical skewness in changes in earnings growth and other important features of its distribution.

Wages --- Compensation --- Departmental salaries --- Earnings --- Pay --- Remuneration --- Salaries --- Wage-fund --- Wage rates --- Working class --- Income --- Labor costs --- Compensation management --- Cost and standard of living --- Prices --- Labor --- Macroeconomics --- Employment --- Unemployment --- Intergenerational Income Distribution --- Aggregate Human Capital --- Aggregate Labor Productivity --- Economic Growth of Open Economies --- Economic Development: Human Resources --- Human Development --- Income Distribution --- Migration --- Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: General --- Demand and Supply of Labor: General --- Labor Economics: General --- Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search --- Labour --- income economics --- Labor markets --- Economic theory --- Labor market --- Labor economics --- Italy --- Income economics

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Does an Inclusive Citizenship Law Promote Economic Development?.

Citizenship --- Economic aspects. --- Birthright citizenship --- Citizenship (International law) --- National citizenship --- Nationality (Citizenship) --- Political science --- Public law --- Allegiance --- Civics --- Domicile --- Political rights --- Law and legislation --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Demography --- Emigration and Immigration --- Political Economy --- Legal Procedure, the Legal System, and Illegal Behavior: General --- International Migration --- Economic Development: Human Resources --- Human Development --- Income Distribution --- Migration --- Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions --- Education: General --- Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General --- Demographic Economics: General --- Education --- Public finance & taxation --- Migration, immigration & emigration --- Population & demography --- Personal income --- Legal support in revenue administration --- Population and demographics --- National accounts --- Revenue administration --- Income --- Revenue --- Emigration and immigration --- Population --- Germany --- E-books