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advanced strategies for environmental protection, mitigation strategies for environmental problems in coastal areas and augmenting agriculture income from coastal areas.

Coastal ecology. --- Crops and climate.

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"The global population is projected to increase by 3.3 billion, from 6.7 to 10 billion during 2008 to 2100. As a result, soil degradation and desertification are growing due to the increasing demand of the food, feed, fiber and fuel on finite soil resources. The problem of global food insecurity may be further worsened by the threat of global warming. Climate change is showing its impacts in term of increasing temperatures, variable rainfall and an increase in climate-related extreme like floods, droughts, cyclone, sea level rise, salinity and soil erosion. Agriculture sector is the most sensitive to the climate changes because the climate of a region/country determines the nature and characteristics of vegetation and crops. Increase in the mean seasonal temperature and decrease in effective precipitation can reduce the duration of many crops, may lead to outbreaks of pests and diseases, and hence reduce final yield ultimately affecting the food security of the country. Despite the positive impact of CO2 fertilization, the net productivity may decrease because of an increase in respiration rate, drought stress and nutrient deficiency. Such as, for every 75 ppm increase in CO2 concentration rice yields will increase by 0.5 t ha-1, but yield will decrease by 0.6 t ha-1 for every 1 °C increase in temperature. The global agricultural productivity is expected to decrease from 3-16 % by 2080. The estimated decrease in agricultural productivity in the developing countries is 10-25% in 2080s, where average air temperature has already near or above crop tolerance levels. This book is intended to serve as a stimulating collection that will contribute to debate and reflection on the sustainable future of agriculture and food production in the face of global change. Features: Brings together a multidimensional group of international scholars exploring the ethical dimensions of climate change and ecosystem. New strategies have pointed in this book for the better sustainable development. Design to cater a good overview of major challenges facing policy makers, researchers and ultimately humankind in dealing with climate change. This book summarizes the diverse features of vulnerability, adaptation, and amelioration of climate change in respect to plants, crops, soil, and microbes for the sustainability of the agricultural sector and, ultimately, food security for the future. Provide a state-of-the-art description of the physiological, biochemical, and molecular status of the understanding of abiotic stress in plants"--

Climatic changes. --- Crops and climate. --- Sustainable development.

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Agriculture and politics --- Rural development --- Crops and climate

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"Colonial Cataclysms: Climate, Landscape and Memory in Mexico's Little Ice Age is an in-depth examination of the climatic effects of the hemispheric "Little Ice Age" on pluviosity, soils, and indigenous agriculture in central Mexico during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The manuscript offers a corrective of the long-standing scholarly thought that the primary problem facing agriculture in this period was drought. In contrast, Skopyk argues that the problem was in fact elevated rainfall that resulted in flooding and the silting of wetlands, particularly in the watersheds of Tlaxcala. Such elevated rainfall restricted agriculture and led to conditions that were described as "arid" or "desiccated." Such over-saturation of rainfall led to destructive bursts of dirt and water to downstream communities, drastically eroding and degrading soil. At the time, major hydraulic engineering projects were launched, rivers were deemed the "enemy" of the people, and human ingenuity was seen as the only remedy to a capricious and impetuous nature. Historians and thinkers have long considered the region's abundant flooding to be the product of failed hydraulic infrastructure. Skopyk argues that anomalies in the region's temperature have been neglected, converting what he sees as Mexico's "Little Ice Age" into Mexico's "Little Drought Age.""--

Climate and civilization --- Crops and climate --- History. --- Zahuapan River Watershed (Mexico) --- Teotihuacán Valley (Mexico) --- Climate --- History --- Agricultural climatology --- Agriculture --- Agroclimatology --- Climate and crops --- Crop micrometeorology --- Crops --- Plant biometeorology --- Agricultural ecology --- Bioclimatology --- Civilization and climate --- Civilization --- Climatology --- Climatic factors --- Valle de Teotihuacán (Mexico)

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Conservation Agriculture (the use of no tillage systems) to preserve soil structure and integrity has become an increasingly important step towards sustainable farming. This book brings together conservation agriculture and climate smart decision making processes for the first time, focusing on Africa.

Sustainable agriculture --- Crops and climate --- Agricultural ecology --- Agricultural conservation --- Agricultural resources conservation --- Conservation of agricultural resources --- Agriculture --- Conservation of natural resources --- Environmental protection --- Land use, Rural --- Agroecology --- Ecology --- Permaculture --- Agricultural climatology --- Agroclimatology --- Climate and crops --- Crop micrometeorology --- Crops --- Plant biometeorology --- Bioclimatology --- Low-input agriculture --- Low-input sustainable agriculture --- Lower input agriculture --- Resource-efficient agriculture --- Sustainable farming --- Alternative agriculture --- Environmental aspects --- Climatic factors