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Disability, space, architecture : a reader
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ISBN: 1138676438 1315560070 131719716X Year: 2017 Publisher: London ; New York : Routledge,

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Economics of international environmental agreements : a critical approach
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ISBN: 1317231260 1315625199 Year: 2017 Publisher: London : Routledge,

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This book explores why international environmental agreements deal with some problems successfully but fail with others. The chapters address issues that are global in nature, such as: transboundary pollution, provision of global public goods, individual preferences of inequality-aversion, global cooperation, self-enforcing international environmental agreements, emission standards, abatement costs, environmental quota, technology agreement and adoption and international institutions. They examine the necessary conditions for the improved performance of international environmental agreements and how cooperation among countries can be improved.


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Fully Compliant : Compliance Training to Change Behavior.
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ISBN: 194730836X 9781947308367 9781947308350 1947308351 9781947308350 Year: 2019 Publisher: La Vergne American Society for Training & Development

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A Better Kind of Compliance Training Compliance training succeeds when you balance the needs of not just the organization but also the employees who you hope will learn and change their behavior. In Fully Compliant , Travis Waugh challenges traditional compliance training that simply ensures employees avoid the legal risk of failing to comply with a specific mandate. With an ever-increasing number of compliance subjects to address, such programs are unsustainable. Instead, organizations must design compliance programs that serve a higher, broader purpose and build robust, resilient cultures focusing on integrity and ethics learning. Optimal compliance programs are flexible and create real learning experiences that change real behavior, thus diminishing the chance of misconduct in the first place. This book connects the three levers of human behavior―context, habits, and motivation―to compliance and how you can pull all three to create holistic training programs that do far more than check a box. It identifies ways to pick up small but meaningful wins in turning around an existing compliance program or designing a new course, which can turn stakeholders from skeptics into learning champions. And it offers an eight-step road map for implementing your own compliance learning plan. With this book, you'll be able to: • Create behavior-based compliance training that generates measurable benefits. • Make compliance training more engaging and impactful, not one size fits all. • Remain relevant as advances in technology shift compliance expectations in the years ahead. By putting the learner first, you can develop compliance that sticks.


Book
VAT Notches, Voluntary Registration, and Bunching: Theory and UK Evidence
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ISBN: 1513515780 1513513818 1513515772 Year: 2019 Publisher: Washington, D.C. : International Monetary Fund,

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Using administrative tax records for UK businesses, we document both bunching in annual turnover below the VAT registration threshold and persistent voluntary registration by almost half of the firms below the threshold. We develop a conceptual framework that can simultaneously explain these two apparently conflicting facts. The framework also predicts that higher intermediate input shares, lower product-market competition and a lower share of business to consumer (B2C) sales lead to voluntary registration. The predictions are exactly the opposite for bunching. We test the theory using linked VAT and corporation tax records from 2004-2014, finding empirical support for these predictions.


Book
Optimal Tax Administration
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ISBN: 1475570376 1475570260 9781475570267 9781475570373 1475570309 Year: 2017 Publisher: Washington, D.C. : International Monetary Fund,

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This paper sets out a framework for analyzing optimal interventions by a tax administration, one that parallels and can be closely integrated with established frameworks for thinking about optimal tax policy. Its key contribution is the development of a summary measure of the impact of administrative interventions—the “enforcement elasticity of tax revenue”—that is a sufficient statistic for the behavioral response to such interventions, much as the elasticity of taxable income serves as a sufficient statistic for the response to tax rates. Amongst the applications are characterizations of the optimal balance between policy and administrative measures, and of the optimal compliance gap.


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The Optimal Turnover Threshold and Tax Rate for SMEs
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ISBN: 1498314295 1498314260 Year: 2019 Publisher: Washington, D.C. : International Monetary Fund,

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Presumptive income taxes in the form of a tax on turnover for SMEs are pervasive as a way to reduce the costs of compliance and administration. We analyze a model where entrepreneurs allocate labor to the formal and informal sectors. Formal sector income is subjected either to a corporate income tax or a tax on turnover, depending on whether their turnover exceeds a threshold. We characterize the private sector equilibrium for any given configuration of tax policy parameters (corporate income tax rate, turnover tax rate, and threshold). Given private behavior, social welfare is optimized. We interpret the first-order conditions for welfare maximization to identify the key margins and then simulate a calibrated version of the model.


Book
Tax Administration and Firm Performance : New Data and Evidence for Emerging Market and Developing Economies
Authors: --- --- ---
ISSN: 10185941 ISBN: 1475595182 9781475595185 147559514X 9781475595147 1475595166 Year: 2017 Publisher: Washington, D.C. : International Monetary Fund,

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Tax compliance costs tend to be disproportionately higher for small and young businesses. This paper examines how the quality of tax administration affects firm performance for a large sample of firms in emerging market and developing economies. We construct a novel, internationally comparable, and multidimensional index of tax administration quality (the TAQI) using information from the Tax Administration Diagnostic Assessment Tool. We show that better tax administration attenuates the productivity gap of small and young firms relative to larger and older firms, a result that is robust to controlling for other aspects of tax policy and of economic governance, alternative definitions of small and young firms, and measures of the quality of tax administration. From a policy perspective, we provide evidence that countries can reap growth and productivity dividends from improvements in tax administration that lower compliance costs faced by firms.


Book
Loss of Correspondent Banking Relationships in the Caribbean : Trends, Impact, and Policy Options
Authors: --- --- --- --- --- et al.
ISBN: 1484323947 1484323912 Year: 2017 Publisher: Washington, D.C. : International Monetary Fund,

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Banks across the Caribbean have lost important Correspondent Banking Relationships (CBRs). The macroeconomic impact has so far been limited, in part because banks either have multiple relationships or have been successful in replacing lost CBRs. However, the cost of services has increased substantially, some services have been cut back, and some sectors have experienced reduced access. Policy options to address multiple drivers, including lower profitability and risk aversion by global banks, require tailored actions by several stakeholders.

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