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This book highlights a number of social sustainability issues at different stages of the supply chain, and demonstrates how these issues can be addressed by adopting social sustainability practices in the manufacturing supply chain. In the wake of emerging social issues in developing countries, research on social sustainability has gained importance for academics and practitioners alike. The three distinguishable social sustainability dimensions in manufacturing that emerge as a result of this research provide insights for supply chain managers and practitioners who might otherwise be unaware of what constitutes social sustainability. A better understanding allows supply chain managers to address these issues more appropriately to increase their supply chain competitiveness in the market. The book presents a social sustainability scale that can be used by practitioners to measure supply chain social sustainability to benchmark their supply chains globally. The research also helps academicians to gain an understanding of the social issues related to the manufacturing supply chain, while the social measures developed serve as reference material for policy-makers and sustainability experts in emerging economies.

Social responsibility of business --- Business logistics --- Social responsibility of busines. --- Industrial management-Environmen. --- Business logistics. --- Economic development—Environmental aspects. --- Corporate Social Responsibility. --- Sustainability Management. --- Supply Chain Management. --- Development and Sustainability. --- Supply chain management --- Industrial management --- Logistics --- Social responsibility of business. --- Economic development --- Environment. --- Environmental aspects.

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Artificial intelligence

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This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed proceedings of the First Iberoamerican Conference, KGSWC 2019, held in Villa Clara, Cuba, in June 2019. The 14 full papers and 1 short paper presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 33 submissions. The papers cover wide research fields including artificial intelligence; knowledge representation and reasoning; ontology engineering; natural language processing; description logics; information systems; query languages; world wide web; semantic web description languages; and information retrieval.

Artificial intelligence. --- Information theory. --- Information systems. --- Computer science. --- Artificial Intelligence. --- Theory of Computation. --- Information Systems and Communication Service. --- Computer Applications. --- Informatics --- Science --- Communication theory --- Communication --- Cybernetics --- AI (Artificial intelligence) --- Artificial thinking --- Electronic brains --- Intellectronics --- Intelligence, Artificial --- Intelligent machines --- Machine intelligence --- Thinking, Artificial --- Bionics --- Cognitive science --- Digital computer simulation --- Electronic data processing --- Logic machines --- Machine theory --- Self-organizing systems --- Simulation methods --- Fifth generation computers --- Neural computers --- Artificial intelligence --- Information theory --- Data processing. --- Computers. --- Application software. --- Application computer programs --- Application computer software --- Applications software --- Apps (Computer software) --- Computer software --- Automatic computers --- Automatic data processors --- Computer hardware --- Computing machines (Computers) --- Electronic calculating-machines --- Electronic computers --- Hardware, Computer --- Computer systems --- Calculators --- Cyberspace

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This paper proposes an empirical framework that distinguishes voluntary from involuntary compliance with fiscal deficit targets on the basis of economic, institutional, and political factors. The framework is applied to Spain’s Autonomous Communities (regions) over the period 2002-2015. Fiscal noncompliance among Spain’s regions has shown to be persistent. It increases with the size of growth forecast errors and the extent to which fiscal targets are tightened, factors not fully under the control of regional governments. Non-compliance also tends to increase during election years, when vertical fiscal imbalances accentuate, and market financing costs subside. Strong fiscal rules have not shown any significant impact in containing fiscal non-compliance. Reducing fiscal non-compliance in multilevel governance systems such as the one in Spain requires a comprehensive assessment of intergovernmental fiscal arrangements that looks beyond rules-based frameworks by ensuring enforcement procedures are politically credible.

Economics. --- Economics --- Economic theory --- Political economy --- Social sciences --- Economic man --- E-books --- Budgeting --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- National Budget --- Budget Systems --- Forecasts of Budgets, Deficits, and Debt --- State and Local Budget and Expenditures --- Intergovernmental Relations --- Federalism --- Secession --- Fiscal Policy --- Debt --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- Public Administration --- Public Sector Accounting and Audits --- Public finance & taxation --- Budgeting & financial management --- Government debt management --- Fiscal rules --- Budget planning and preparation --- Fiscal consolidation --- Fiscal risks --- Public financial management (PFM) --- Fiscal policy --- Debts, Public --- Budget --- Spain

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Production management. --- Manufacturing management --- Industrial management