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Government --- Political systems --- Internal politics --- Congo-Brazzaville --- Democracy --- Democratization --- Démocratie --- Démocratisation --- Congo (Brazzaville) --- Congo --- Politics and government --- Politique et gouvernement --- Democratic consolidation --- Democratic transition --- Political science --- New democracies --- Self-government --- Equality --- Representative government and representation --- Republics --- Démocratie --- Démocratisation

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African independence launched into international politics a group of the world's poorest, weakest, and most artificial states. How have such states managed to survive? To what extent is their survival now threatened? Christopher Clapham shows how an initially supportive international environment has - as a result partly of political and economic mismanagement within African states themselves, partly of global developments over which they had no control - become increasingly threatening to African rulers and the states over which they preside. The author also reveals how international conventions designed to uphold state sovereignty have often been appropriated and subverted by rulers to enhance their domestic control, and how African states have been undermined by guerrilla insurgencies and the use of international relations to serve essentially private ends. He shows how awkward, how ambiguous, how unsatisfactory, and often how tragic, has been the encounter between Africa and Western conceptions of statehood.

Soevereiniteit --- Souveraineté --- Sovereignty --- Self-determination, National --- Sovereignty. --- Droit des peuples à disposer d'eux-mêmes --- Africa --- Afrique --- Foreign relations --- Relations extérieures --- -Sovereignty --- #SBIB:327.4H71 --- #SBIB:AANKOOP --- State sovereignty (International relations) --- International law --- Political science --- Common heritage of mankind (International law) --- International relations --- National self-determination --- Nationalism --- Nation-state --- Nationalities, Principle of --- Derde wereld en wereldsysteem, internationale relaties --- Law and legislation --- Eastern Hemisphere --- -Self-determination, National --- Droit des peuples à disposer d'eux-mêmes --- Souveraineté --- Relations extérieures --- International relations. Foreign policy --- Internal politics --- 1960 --- -Self-determination [National ] --- Social Sciences --- Political Science --- Self-determination, National - Africa --- Africa - Foreign relations - 1960

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This book discusses the radical transformation of eastern Congo's political order in the context of apparent armed destruction and state weakness. Looking beyond the dominant paradigms, the author critically assesses the premises of this region's presumed collapse into chaos. He traces violent rule patterns back to a tumultuous history of extra-economic accumulation, armed rebellion and de facto public authority in the margins of regional power plays. Rather than curing the world's ills, the originality of this book lies in its neat focus on cultural and economic uncertainty. It answers the question of what institutional changes are the result of strategies of daily risk management in an environment characterised by violent competition over the right to govern.

Polemology --- Political sociology --- Congo --- Violence politique --- Capitalisme --- Political violence --- Borderlands --- Capitalism --- Congo (République démocratique) --- Congo (Democratic Republic) --- Conditions économiques --- Economic conditions. --- Market economy --- Economics --- Profit --- Capital --- Border-lands --- Border regions --- Frontiers --- Boundaries --- Political science --- Government --- General. --- Conditions économiques. --- Internal politics --- Economic conditions. Economic development --- Congo (République démocratique) --- Conditions économiques.

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This book, based on field research in the West African country of The Gambia, explores how domestic gun control is shaped by international efforts and how local actors interact with international organizations or opt not to do so. The book also shows how the question of who can have what kind of gun under what circumstances is an intrinsic question to modern societies across the world, but it is seldom one that is addressed in sub-Saharan Africa except in cases of post-conflict countries. Small arms control and gun control are often treated as separate efforts, with the former the domain of international actors such as the United Nations and the latter being of concern to the domestic politics of countries such as the United States. By focusing on a country that has never seen the outbreak of a civil war, the book is able to disentangle the complex roots of gun control in Africa, its origins in colonial era legislation, its reverberations across social life, and how it shapes contemporary understandings of groups ranging for security guards to hunters. Niklas Hultin is Assistant Professor in the Global Affairs Program at George Mason University, USA.

Social problems --- International relations. Foreign policy --- Politics --- Criminology. Victimology --- Law --- Public administration --- Ethnology. Cultural anthropology --- internationale economische politiek --- Afrikaans --- etnologie --- veiligheid (mensen) --- overheid --- politiek --- criminaliteit --- internationale betrekkingen --- North Africa --- Political science. --- International relations. --- Security, International. --- Ethnology. --- Criminal behavior. --- Africa --- Governance and Government. --- International Relations Theory. --- International Security Studies. --- Sociocultural Anthropology. --- Criminal Behavior. --- African Politics. --- Politics and government.

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Since the end of the Cold War, the international community, and the USA in particular, has intervened in a series of civil conflicts around the world. In a number of cases, where actions such as economic sanctions or diplomatic pressures have failed, military interventions have been undertaken. This 1999 book examines four US-sponsored interventions (Panama, Somalia, Haiti and Bosnia), focusing on efforts to reconstruct the state which have followed military action. Such nation-building is vital if conflict is not to recur. In each of the four cases, Karin von Hippel considers the factors which led the USA to intervene, the path of military intervention, and the nation-building efforts which followed. The book seeks to provide a greater understanding of the successes and failures of US policy, to improve strategies for reconstruction, and to provide some insight into the conditions under which intervention and nation-building are likely to succeed.

International relations. Foreign policy --- United States --- Interventie (Internationaal recht) --- Interventie [Militaire ] --- Intervention (Droit international) --- Intervention (International law) --- Intervention [Military ] --- Intervention militaire --- Militaire interventie --- Military intervention --- 855.4 Militaire interventies --- 931 Internationale geschiedenis --- #A0109PO --- -Intervention (International law) --- Neutrality#A0109POUnited StatesForeign relations --- -Intervention (International law). --- -International relations. Foreign policy --- Foreign relations --- International law --- Intervention (International law). --- 1989 --- 841.1 Democratisering --- Koude oorlog --- Verenigde Staten --- Diplomacy --- Neutrality --- Social Sciences --- Political Science --- United States of America