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Surface science techniques.
Authors: ---
ISBN: 0080421482 9780080421483 Year: 1994 Publisher: New York (N.Y.) Elsevier

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Abstract

This volume provides a comprehensive and up to the minute review of the techniques used to determine the nature and composition of surfaces. Originally published as a special issue of the Pergamon journal Vacuum, it comprises a carefully edited collection of chapters written by specialists in each of the techniques and includes coverage of the electron and ion spectroscopies, as well as the atom-imaging methods such as the atom probe field ion microscope and the scanning tunnelling microscope. Surface science is an important area of study since the outermost surface layers play a crucial role in processses such as catalysis, adhesion, wear, and corrosion, with applications in metallurgy, thin films and surface coatings, the chemicals and polymer industries, and microelectronics, to name a few. This book covers those techniques used routinely for surface analysis as well as those employed for more fundamental scientific studies. It will be of interest to university research workers, graduate students and to industrial scientists solving practical problems.

Electrode kinetics : reactions
Author:
ISBN: 9780444406736 0444406735 9780080867960 0080867960 1281984175 9781281984173 9786611984175 6611984178 0444406743 0444408029 0444408614 0444408614 0444408614 044440936X 0444409378 0444409572 0444410511 044441052X 0444411550 0444412522 0444412948 044441486X 0444415122 0444415130 0444416315 044441651X 0444418075 0444418601 0444420282 0444422870 0444422889 0444423540 0444424415 0444425500 0444428798 0444429999 0444501649 0444824723 0444824855 0444825363 0444826068 0444873635 0444873643 0444888020 0444987428 0444987959 9786611047542 1281047546 0080535658 9786611772291 1281772291 0080868118 9786611773625 128177362X 0080868053 9786611781224 1281781223 0080868215 9786611773656 1281773654 0080868061 9786611778422 1281778427 0080868150 9786611772451 1281772453 0080868142 9786611778118 1281778117 0080868185 9786611778569 1281778567 0080868177 9786611777258 1281777250 0080868274 9786611789374 1281789372 0080868266 9786611777760 1281777765 0080868169 9786611984250 1281984256 0080868126 9780080868189 9780444414861 9780444420282 9781281778116 661177811X Year: 1987 Volume: 14A Publisher: Amsterdam Elsevier

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Abstract

Many books cover the determination of rate constants under different experimental conditions and different chemical composition of the reaction mixture in their formal treatment of thermal kinetics. However, most textbooks are limited to simple mechanisms. In contrast, analogous treatment of photochemical reactions is limited to the publication of special reactions and investigations. Therefore, this book is aimed at providing an overall description of formal photokinetics covering a wider scope than the usual books on kinetics.This volume attempts to provide a concise treatment of both thermo- and photochemical reactions by means of generalised differential equations, their set-up in matrix notation, and their solution by a formalism using numerical integration. At a first glance this approach might be surprising. However, apart from the argument that the didactics of thermal reactions are easier to handle than those of kinetics, the book provides additional reasons in support of this approach. Therefore, the formalism derived allows the evaluation of photochemical reactions, which are superimposed thermal reactions taking into account that the amount of light absorbed varies during the reaction. Because of this, any approximation, either by using total absorbance or negligible absorbance, will cause considerable errors even for simple reactions. The approach chosen to transform the axis of the radiation time into a new variable that includes the photokinetic factor proves that formal kinetics can be applied to thermal and photochemical reactions as well, and even allows the handling of solutions that cannot be homogenised or solid samples in which the concentration varies locally. By using this approach to introduce partial photochemical quantum yields even complex mechanisms can be determined quantitatively.A large number of examples for different mechanisms and an introduction to many spectroscopic and chromatographic methods suitable for photokinetic ana

Keywords

Addition polymerization. --- Addition reactions. --- Aliphatic compounds. --- Aromatic compounds. --- Carboxylic acids. --- Catalysis. --- Catastrophes (Mathematics). --- Chemical kinetics --- Chemical kinetics. --- Chemical reaction, Conditions and laws of. --- Chemical reactions. --- Chemistry --- Chemistry, Inorganic. --- Combustion. --- Corrosion and anti-corrosives. --- Decomposition (Chemistry). --- Diffusion. --- Electrochemistry. --- Electrodes. --- Elimination reactions. --- Energy transfer. --- Free radicals (Chemistry). --- Isomerism. --- Kinetics. --- Lipids. --- Organometallic compounds. --- Oxidation. --- Photochemistry. --- Polymerization. --- Polymers --- Polymers. --- Proton transfer reactions. --- Radiochemistry. --- Solid state chemistry. --- Solid-liquid interfaces. --- Substitution reactions. --- Surface chemistry. --- Mathematical models. --- physical. --- Deterioration. --- Cinétique chimique. --- Réactions chimiques. --- Chemical thermodynamics --- fysicochemie --- POLYMERIZATION --- Free radicals (Chemistry) --- Hydrocarbons --- Displacement reactions --- Replacement reactions --- Chemical reactions --- Reactions, Chemical --- Chemical processes --- Chemistry, Solid state --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Polymerization --- 541.64 --- 66.095.26 --- 541.64 Macromolecular chemistry. Polymerization products. Polycondensation products. Polyaddition products --- Macromolecular chemistry. Polymerization products. Polycondensation products. Polyaddition products --- 66.095.26 Polymerization --- Polymerisation --- Polymers and polymerization --- Synthesis of polymers --- Radicals (Chemistry) --- Free radical reactions --- Synthesis --- Thermochemistry. --- Thermodynamics --- Heat --- Thermochemistry --- Smoke --- Electrochemistry --- Electrodes --- 541.135.5 --- 541.138 --- 541.138 Electrochemical reactions --- Electrochemical reactions --- 541.135.5 Electrodes and diaphragms, e.g. --- Electrodes and diaphragms, e.g. --- Electric resistors --- 541.12 --- 541.12 Chemical mechanics --- Chemical mechanics --- Chemical reaction, Kinetics of --- Chemical reaction, Rate of --- Chemical reaction, Velocity of --- Chemical reaction rate --- Chemical reaction velocity --- Kinetics, Chemical --- Rate of chemical reaction --- Reaction rate (Chemistry) --- Velocity of chemical reaction --- Chemical affinity --- Reactivity (Chemistry) --- 541.128 --- 541.128 Catalysis. Acceleration and retardation of reactions by catalysts. Autocatalysis. Spontaneous combustion --- Catalysis. Acceleration and retardation of reactions by catalysts. Autocatalysis. Spontaneous combustion --- Dynamics. --- Dynamical systems --- Kinetics --- Mathematics --- Mechanics, Analytic --- Force and energy --- Mechanics --- Physics --- Statics --- Solid state chemistry --- 541.124-16 --- 541.124-16 Chemical dynamics in general. Reaction mechanism in general--?-16 --- 541.124-16 Limits of reactions--?-16 --- Chemical dynamics in general. Reaction mechanism in general--?-16 --- Limits of reactions--?-16 --- Catastrophes (Mathematics) --- Chemical reaction, Conditions and laws of --- #KVIV:BB --- #WSCH:MODS --- 515.16 --- 541.12.03 --- 541.12.03 Physical properties and constants. Mechanical and physical effects --- Physical properties and constants. Mechanical and physical effects --- 515.16 Topology of manifolds --- Topology of manifolds --- Conditions and laws of chemical reaction --- Reaction, Conditions and laws of (Chemistry) --- Physical laws --- Differentiable mappings --- Manifolds (Mathematics) --- Singularities (Mathematics) --- Electrodes. Cinétique. --- Elektroden. Kinetica. --- Chemical reaction [Rate of ] --- Low temperature research --- Cinétique chimique --- Chemistry, Technical. --- Chemical technology --- Industrial chemistry --- Technical chemistry --- Technology --- Chemical engineering --- Carboxylic Acids --- Chemistry, Physical --- 66.095.1 --- 541.124 --- 66.09 --- 541.124 Chemical dynamics in general. Reaction mechanism in general --- 541.124 Limits of reactions --- Chemical dynamics in general. Reaction mechanism in general --- Limits of reactions --- 66.095.1 Acylation. Esterification. Preparation of acid amides --- Acylation. Esterification. Preparation of acid amides --- Physical Chemistry --- Chemistries, Physical --- Physical Chemistries --- Carboxylic Acid --- Acid, Carboxylic --- Acids, Carboxylic --- 66.09 Specific chemical processes. Synthesis. Decomposition, addition and substitution processes. Catalysis --- Specific chemical processes. Synthesis. Decomposition, addition and substitution processes. Catalysis --- Oxidation --- Autoxidation --- Activation (Chemistry) --- Surface chemistry --- Graphic methods. --- Chemistry, Surface --- Interfaces, Chemistry of --- Surface phenomena --- Surfaces (Chemistry) --- Capillarity --- Surface energy --- Surface tension --- Surfaces (Physics) --- Esters. --- Organic compounds --- Combustion --- Physical. --- Cinétique chimique. --- Réactions chimiques.

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