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katalyse --- Chemical technology --- kinetica --- Motorcars engineering --- Thermodynamics --- auto's --- Catalysis --- Chemical kinetics --- Catalysis. --- Chemical kinetics. --- Catalyse --- Cinétique chimique --- petrochemie --- thermodynamica --- Catalyse. --- Cinética química. --- Cinétique chimique. --- Homogene katalyse. --- Katalysatoren. --- Katalyse. --- Reactiemechanismen (chemie). --- Reactiviteit. --- katalysatoren --- H (waterstof) --- enzymen --- Chemical reaction, Kinetics of --- Chemical reaction, Rate of --- Chemical reaction, Velocity of --- Chemical reaction rate --- Chemical reaction velocity --- Kinetics, Chemical --- Rate of chemical reaction --- Reaction rate (Chemistry) --- Velocity of chemical reaction --- Chemical affinity --- Reactivity (Chemistry) --- Activation (Chemistry) --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Surface chemistry
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This volume provides a comprehensive and up to the minute review of the techniques used to determine the nature and composition of surfaces. Originally published as a special issue of the Pergamon journal Vacuum, it comprises a carefully edited collection of chapters written by specialists in each of the techniques and includes coverage of the electron and ion spectroscopies, as well as the atom-imaging methods such as the atom probe field ion microscope and the scanning tunnelling microscope. Surface science is an important area of study since the outermost surface layers play a crucial role in processses such as catalysis, adhesion, wear, and corrosion, with applications in metallurgy, thin films and surface coatings, the chemicals and polymer industries, and microelectronics, to name a few. This book covers those techniques used routinely for surface analysis as well as those employed for more fundamental scientific studies. It will be of interest to university research workers, graduate students and to industrial scientists solving practical problems.
Surfaces (Physics) --- Surface chemistry --- Spectrum analysis --- Surfaces (Technology) --- Technique --- -Surface chemistry --- -Spectrum analysis --- Materials --- Surface phenomena --- Friction --- Tribology --- Analysis, Spectrum --- Spectra --- Spectrochemical analysis --- Spectrochemistry --- Spectroscopy --- Chemistry, Analytic --- Interferometry --- Optics --- Radiation --- Wave-motion, Theory of --- Absorption spectra --- Light --- Spectroscope --- Chemistry, Surface --- Interfaces, Chemistry of --- Surfaces (Chemistry) --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Capillarity --- Surface energy --- Surface tension --- Physics --- Surfaces --- Qualitative --- 620.179 --- Non-destructive testing. Other kinds of test --- Spectrum analysis. --- Technique. --- Surfaces (Technology). --- 620.179 Non-destructive testing. Other kinds of test --- ION SPECTROSCOPY --- Atom probe field ion microscope --- ADHESION --- SURFACES --- ELECTRON MICROSCOPY --- CATALYSIS --- Monograph --- Adhesion. --- Surfaces. --- Electron microscopy. --- Catalysis. --- Activation (Chemistry) --- Microscopy --- Curved surfaces --- Geometry --- Shapes --- Adsorption --- Cohesion --- Spectrometry --- Analytical chemistry --- Surfaces (Physics) - Technique --- Surface chemistry - Technique
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Many books cover the determination of rate constants under different experimental conditions and different chemical composition of the reaction mixture in their formal treatment of thermal kinetics. However, most textbooks are limited to simple mechanisms. In contrast, analogous treatment of photochemical reactions is limited to the publication of special reactions and investigations. Therefore, this book is aimed at providing an overall description of formal photokinetics covering a wider scope than the usual books on kinetics.This volume attempts to provide a concise treatment of both thermo- and photochemical reactions by means of generalised differential equations, their set-up in matrix notation, and their solution by a formalism using numerical integration. At a first glance this approach might be surprising. However, apart from the argument that the didactics of thermal reactions are easier to handle than those of kinetics, the book provides additional reasons in support of this approach. Therefore, the formalism derived allows the evaluation of photochemical reactions, which are superimposed thermal reactions taking into account that the amount of light absorbed varies during the reaction. Because of this, any approximation, either by using total absorbance or negligible absorbance, will cause considerable errors even for simple reactions. The approach chosen to transform the axis of the radiation time into a new variable that includes the photokinetic factor proves that formal kinetics can be applied to thermal and photochemical reactions as well, and even allows the handling of solutions that cannot be homogenised or solid samples in which the concentration varies locally. By using this approach to introduce partial photochemical quantum yields even complex mechanisms can be determined quantitatively.A large number of examples for different mechanisms and an introduction to many spectroscopic and chromatographic methods suitable for photokinetic ana
Addition polymerization. --- Addition reactions. --- Aliphatic compounds. --- Aromatic compounds. --- Carboxylic acids. --- Catalysis. --- Catastrophes (Mathematics). --- Chemical kinetics --- Chemical kinetics. --- Chemical reaction, Conditions and laws of. --- Chemical reactions. --- Chemistry --- Chemistry, Inorganic. --- Combustion. --- Corrosion and anti-corrosives. --- Decomposition (Chemistry). --- Diffusion. --- Electrochemistry. --- Electrodes. --- Elimination reactions. --- Energy transfer. --- Free radicals (Chemistry). --- Isomerism. --- Kinetics. --- Lipids. --- Organometallic compounds. --- Oxidation. --- Photochemistry. --- Polymerization. --- Polymers --- Polymers. --- Proton transfer reactions. --- Radiochemistry. --- Solid state chemistry. --- Solid-liquid interfaces. --- Substitution reactions. --- Surface chemistry. --- Mathematical models. --- physical. --- Deterioration. --- Cinétique chimique. --- Réactions chimiques. --- Chemical thermodynamics --- fysicochemie --- POLYMERIZATION --- Free radicals (Chemistry) --- Hydrocarbons --- Displacement reactions --- Replacement reactions --- Chemical reactions --- Reactions, Chemical --- Chemical processes --- Chemistry, Solid state --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Polymerization --- 541.64 --- 66.095.26 --- 541.64 Macromolecular chemistry. Polymerization products. Polycondensation products. Polyaddition products --- Macromolecular chemistry. Polymerization products. Polycondensation products. Polyaddition products --- 66.095.26 Polymerization --- Polymerisation --- Polymers and polymerization --- Synthesis of polymers --- Radicals (Chemistry) --- Free radical reactions --- Synthesis --- Thermochemistry. --- Thermodynamics --- Heat --- Thermochemistry --- Smoke --- Electrochemistry --- Electrodes --- 541.135.5 --- 541.138 --- 541.138 Electrochemical reactions --- Electrochemical reactions --- 541.135.5 Electrodes and diaphragms, e.g. --- Electrodes and diaphragms, e.g. --- Electric resistors --- 541.12 --- 541.12 Chemical mechanics --- Chemical mechanics --- Chemical reaction, Kinetics of --- Chemical reaction, Rate of --- Chemical reaction, Velocity of --- Chemical reaction rate --- Chemical reaction velocity --- Kinetics, Chemical --- Rate of chemical reaction --- Reaction rate (Chemistry) --- Velocity of chemical reaction --- Chemical affinity --- Reactivity (Chemistry) --- 541.128 --- 541.128 Catalysis. Acceleration and retardation of reactions by catalysts. Autocatalysis. Spontaneous combustion --- Catalysis. Acceleration and retardation of reactions by catalysts. Autocatalysis. Spontaneous combustion --- Dynamics. --- Dynamical systems --- Kinetics --- Mathematics --- Mechanics, Analytic --- Force and energy --- Mechanics --- Physics --- Statics --- Solid state chemistry --- 541.124-16 --- 541.124-16 Chemical dynamics in general. Reaction mechanism in general--?-16 --- 541.124-16 Limits of reactions--?-16 --- Chemical dynamics in general. Reaction mechanism in general--?-16 --- Limits of reactions--?-16 --- Catastrophes (Mathematics) --- Chemical reaction, Conditions and laws of --- #KVIV:BB --- #WSCH:MODS --- 515.16 --- 541.12.03 --- 541.12.03 Physical properties and constants. Mechanical and physical effects --- Physical properties and constants. Mechanical and physical effects --- 515.16 Topology of manifolds --- Topology of manifolds --- Conditions and laws of chemical reaction --- Reaction, Conditions and laws of (Chemistry) --- Physical laws --- Differentiable mappings --- Manifolds (Mathematics) --- Singularities (Mathematics) --- Electrodes. Cinétique. --- Elektroden. Kinetica. --- Chemical reaction [Rate of ] --- Low temperature research --- Cinétique chimique --- Chemistry, Technical. --- Chemical technology --- Industrial chemistry --- Technical chemistry --- Technology --- Chemical engineering --- Carboxylic Acids --- Chemistry, Physical --- 66.095.1 --- 541.124 --- 66.09 --- 541.124 Chemical dynamics in general. Reaction mechanism in general --- 541.124 Limits of reactions --- Chemical dynamics in general. Reaction mechanism in general --- Limits of reactions --- 66.095.1 Acylation. Esterification. Preparation of acid amides --- Acylation. Esterification. Preparation of acid amides --- Physical Chemistry --- Chemistries, Physical --- Physical Chemistries --- Carboxylic Acid --- Acid, Carboxylic --- Acids, Carboxylic --- 66.09 Specific chemical processes. Synthesis. Decomposition, addition and substitution processes. Catalysis --- Specific chemical processes. Synthesis. Decomposition, addition and substitution processes. Catalysis --- Oxidation --- Autoxidation --- Activation (Chemistry) --- Surface chemistry --- Graphic methods. --- Chemistry, Surface --- Interfaces, Chemistry of --- Surface phenomena --- Surfaces (Chemistry) --- Capillarity --- Surface energy --- Surface tension --- Surfaces (Physics) --- Esters. --- Organic compounds --- Combustion --- Physical. --- Cinétique chimique. --- Réactions chimiques.
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