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milieubeleid --- subsidies --- politique de l'environnement --- subsides --- European Union --- Economic assistance --- Forest fires --- Union européenne --- Natural disasters

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Crise sanitaire de la Covid-19, catastrophe minière de Marcinelle, naufrage du Herald of Free Enterprise au large de Zeebrugge, explosion de gaz à Ghislenghien, accident ferroviaire de Pécrot et de Buizingen, attentats terroristes de Zaventem et de Maelbeek, calamités naturelles… Sur la mer, sur le sol, dans le sous-sol, dans les hôtels, dans les stades, dans le métro, dans le train, sur la route, les catastrophes se multiplient. Il faut y ajouter les drames silencieux provoqués par l’amiante et le tabac, par le poulet à la dioxine et le poisson au mercure, et encore par d'invisibles virus (sida, grippe, coronavirus). Si toute la société et toutes les branches du droit sont concernées par les conséquences humaines, économiques et sociales des catastrophes, il faut constater que le droit des catastrophes s’est construit au gré de lois votées dans l’émotion. Le présent ouvrage fait le point sur le traitement de cette matière sous l’angle du droit des assurances, du droit de la responsabilité, du droit judiciaire et du droit du travail. Des spécialistes renommés y dressent un tableau synthétique et critiquent les outils mis en place par le législateur et par les juges pour régler les situations résultant des calamités que nous subissons. En cette année 2020 – qui restera celle d’un confinement qui rappelle les mesures d’isolement au temps de la peste noire –, cet ouvrage apparaît comme un recueil indispensable pour faire le point sur la matière

Tort and negligence --- Insurance law --- arbeidsrecht --- gerechtelijk recht --- Belgium --- Disasters --- Disaster insurance --- Compensation (Law) --- Torts --- Catastrophes --- Assurance contre les catastrophes --- Indemnisation --- Assurance --- Law and legislation --- Droit --- Réparation (droit) --- Droit du travail --- Belgique

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This study provides a candid, systematic, and critical review of recent evidence on this complex subject. Based on a review of the literature and some new empirical evidence, it finds that (1) in spite of an apparently strong theoretical presumption, it is difficult to detect a strong and robust causal relationship between financial integration and economic growth; (2) contrary to theoretical predictions, financial integration appears to be associated with increases in consumption volatility (both in absolute terms and relative to income volatility) in many developing countries; and (3) there appear to be threshold effects in both of these relationships, which may be related to absorptive capacity. Some recent evidence suggests that sound macroeconomic frameworks and, in particular, good governance are both quantitatively and qualitatively important in affecting developing countries’ experiences with financial globalization.

Finance --- Globalization --- 339 --- 336.71 --- -Globalization --- -Developing Countries. --- croissance economique --- globalisation --- investissements --- pays en voie de developpement --- 330.05 --- Global cities --- Globalisation --- Internationalization --- International relations --- Anti-globalization movement --- Funding --- Funds --- Economics --- Currency question --- Handel. Internationale economische betrekkingen. Wereldeconomie --binnenlandse als buitenlandse handel; zie ook {339.3} en {339.5} --- Bankwezen --- economische groei --- globalisering --- investeringen --- ontwikkelingslanden --- Globalización. --- Países en desarrollo. --- 336.71 Bankwezen --- 339 Handel. Internationale economische betrekkingen. Wereldeconomie --binnenlandse als buitenlandse handel; zie ook {339.3} en {339.5} --- Globalización. --- Países en desarrollo. --- Finance - Developing countries --- Globalization - Developing countries --- Exports and Imports --- Finance: General --- Financial Risk Management --- Macroeconomics --- International Investment --- Long-term Capital Movements --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Macroeconomics: Consumption --- Saving --- Wealth --- Globalization: General --- Financial Crises --- Current Account Adjustment --- Short-term Capital Movements --- International economics --- Economic & financial crises & disasters --- Financial integration --- Capital flows --- Foreign direct investment --- Consumption --- Financial markets --- Balance of payments --- National accounts --- Capital movements --- International finance --- Investments, Foreign --- United States

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This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the attractions and disadvantages of currency board arrangements in their various institutional configurations. It asks what defines a currency board arrangement, what are their strengths and weaknesses, and what constraints they place on macroeconomic policies. It also reviews country experiences with these arrangements.

Money. Monetary policy --- Currency boards --- Foreign exchange administration --- -Monetary policy --- Foreign exchange --- 336.74 --- monetair beleid --- institutions monetaires internationales --- politique monetaire --- commerce mondial --- marche international des capitaux --- taux de change --- AA* / International - Internationaal --- 333.825 --- 333.480 --- 331.32 --- 333.450 --- 333.451.1 --- 330.05 --- 332.414 --- Cambistry --- Currency exchange --- Exchange, Foreign --- Foreign currency --- Foreign exchange problem --- Foreign money --- Forex --- FX (Finance) --- International exchange --- International finance --- Currency crises --- Monetary management --- Economic policy --- Money supply --- Financial institutions --- Monetary policy --- Cost effectiveness --- Geld. Geldwezen. Monetaire sector. --- internationale monetaire instellingen --- wereldhandel --- internationale kapitaalmarkt --- wisselkoers --- Deviezenpolitiek. Interventies. --- Geldstelsel. --- Structuur van de economie. --- Theorie van het deviezenverkeer. Theorie van de koopkrachtpariteit. --- Wisselkoersen. --- Working papers --- Currency boards. --- Foreign exchange administration. --- Money. --- 336.74 Geld. Geldwezen. Monetaire sector. --- Money --- Currency --- Monetary question --- Money, Primitive --- Specie --- Standard of value --- Exchange --- Finance --- Value --- Banks and banking --- Coinage --- Currency question --- Gold --- Silver --- Silver question --- Wealth --- Structuur van de economie --- Theorie van het deviezenverkeer. Theorie van de koopkrachtpariteit --- Wisselkoersen --- Geldstelsel --- Deviezenpolitiek. Interventies --- Geld. Geldwezen. Monetaire sector --- Banks and Banking --- Finance: General --- Foreign Exchange --- Inflation --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Public Finance --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Monetary Systems --- Standards --- Regimes --- Government and the Monetary System --- Payment Systems --- Monetary Policy --- Interest Rates: Determination, Term Structure, and Effects --- Price Level --- Deflation --- Banking --- Monetary economics --- Macroeconomics --- Economic & financial crises & disasters --- Public finance & taxation --- Exchange rates --- Currencies --- International reserves --- Commercial banks --- Central banks --- Exchange rate arrangements --- Foreign exchange reserves --- Interest rates --- Prices --- Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China

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By and large, EU financial integration has been a success story. Still, the reform agenda is far from finished. What are the remaining challenges? What are the gains of closer financial market integration? This IMF book tracks the European Union's journey along the path to a single financial market and identifies the challenges and priorities that remain ahead. It pays particular attention to the most recent integration efforts in the European Union following the introduction of the euro. The study looks at the importance of financial integration, in particular for economic growth, the interplay between banks and markets, and equity market integration. It closely examines the relationship between financial integration and financial stability. This interaction presents the European Union with a challenge, but also with the opportunity to play a pioneering role in developing a regional approach to financial stability that could provide lessons for the rest of the world.

Private finance --- Europe --- Finance --- Capital market --- Financial institutions --- Finances --- Marché financier --- Institutions financières --- European Union --- Economic integration. --- Business & Economics --- Economic History --- 339.7 --- eenheidsmarkt --- europa --- financiele markten --- 333.102 --- 333.602 --- 333.610 --- 334.151.28 --- EEC / European Union - EU -Europese Unie - Union Européenne - UE --- -Finance --- -332.094 --- Financial intermediaries --- Lending institutions --- Associations, institutions, etc. --- Funding --- Funds --- Economics --- Currency question --- Internationale financien. Buitenlands betalingsverkeer --(z.o {336}) --- marché unique --- europe --- marchés financiers --- Bankconcentratie. --- Activiteiten en evolutie van de financiële markten. --- Effectenbeurzen: algemeenheden. --- Kredietinstellingen in de Europese Gemeenschappen. --- 339.7 Internationale financien. Buitenlands betalingsverkeer --(z.o {336}) --- Marché financier --- Institutions financières --- Capital markets --- Market, Capital --- E.U. --- Loans --- Money market --- Securities --- Crowding out (Economics) --- Efficient market theory --- 332.094 --- Bankconcentratie --- Activiteiten en evolutie van de financiële markten --- Effectenbeurzen: algemeenheden --- Kredietinstellingen in de Europese Gemeenschappen --- European Union countries --- Banks and Banking --- Finance: General --- Financial Risk Management --- Investments: Stocks --- Industries: Financial Services --- Accounting --- Investments: General --- Insurance --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- General Financial Markets: Government Policy and Regulation --- Financial Institutions and Services: Government Policy and Regulation --- Pension Funds --- Non-bank Financial Institutions --- Financial Instruments --- Institutional Investors --- Bankruptcy --- Liquidation --- Banking --- Investment & securities --- Economic & financial crises & disasters --- Insurance & actuarial studies --- Macroeconomics --- Financial reporting, financial statements --- Stock markets --- Financial sector stability --- Financial integration --- Financial services --- Financial markets --- Financial sector policy and analysis --- Competition --- Banks and banking --- Financial services industry --- Stock exchanges --- International finance --- United States