Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This paper provides a detailed account of Hong Kong on the eve of its reintegration into China as a special administrative region. It analyzes recent economic development and provides a clear overview of Hong Kong's economic, financial, institutional, and political circumstances, as well a brief look at its history over the last hundred years. It suggests the changes the economy will undergo in the transition process and what it can expect in the future.

Business cycles --- Hong Kong --- Hong Kong (China) --- Hong Kong (Chine) --- Hong-Kong (Chine) --- Economic conditions. --- Economic policy. --- Politics and government. --- Conditions économiques --- Politique économique --- Politique et gouvernement --- Economic policy --- Economic conditions --- Politics and government --- 338 <512.317> --- 338.22 <512.317> --- China --- economie --- economisch beleid --- overheid --- productie --- chine --- croissance economique --- hongkong --- politique economique --- CN / China - Chine --- HK / Hong Kong --- 331.30 --- 331.32 --- 330.05 --- 338.95125 --- Economische situatie. Economische structuur van bepaalde landen en gebieden. Economische geografie. Economische produktie.economische produkten. Economische diensten--Hong-Kong --- Economische organisatieleer. Economisch beleid. Economische politiek--Hong-Kong --- china --- economische groei --- Economische toestand. --- Structuur van de economie. --- -Hong Kong (China) --- -Economic conditions --- Working papers --- 338.22 <512.317> Economische organisatieleer. Economisch beleid. Economische politiek--Hong-Kong --- 338 <512.317> Economische situatie. Economische structuur van bepaalde landen en gebieden. Economische geografie. Economische produktie.economische produkten. Economische diensten--Hong-Kong --- Conditions économiques --- Politique économique --- Economische toestand --- Structuur van de economie --- Hong Kong (China) - Economic policy --- Hong Kong (China) - Economic conditions --- Hong Kong (China) - Politics and government --- Banks and Banking --- Exports and Imports --- Labor --- Macroeconomics --- Production and Operations Management --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Public Finance --- Foreign Exchange --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Trade: General --- Monetary Systems --- Standards --- Regimes --- Government and the Monetary System --- Payment Systems --- Macroeconomics: Production --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Human Capital --- Skills --- Occupational Choice --- Labor Productivity --- International economics --- Banking --- Monetary economics --- Finance --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Labour --- income economics --- Public finance & taxation --- Imports --- Exports --- Services sector --- Productivity --- Expenditure --- International trade --- Economic sectors --- Manufacturing --- Labor productivity --- Production --- Housing --- National accounts --- Banks and banking --- Service industries --- Expenditures, Public --- Manufacturing industries --- Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China --- Income economics

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Taxation can play a fundamental role in climate change mitigation. While all countries have different approaches, they can act together and must do so urgently by prioritizing environmental objectives. In this respect, this is the first time that a book has brought together the climate fiscal policies of 30 countries, including Bhutan, which is currently the only country to be carbon neutral. Bhutan is implementing fiscal policies to maintain its carbon neutrality, while other countries are trying to implement policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The large number of rapporteurs also reveals the interest in and topicality of the subject for all of the countries in the world, and the emergence of a new subject for some of them.The analysis of this data reveals the difficulty of current fiscal policies to meet the requirements of climate change mitigation set by international and European agreements. There is a great deal of diversity, due to the difficulty of reconciling two distinct objectives - environmental protection and budget preservation - and implementing economic environmental responsibility. Each country is thus setting up a variety of instruments that respond to two different types of logic: compel and/or incentivise. This situation reveals certain weaknesses. These fiscal policies are not coherent and are based on a choice to use revenue for specific purposes, in addition to producing insufficient effects. In order to overcome this situation, it is necessary to reconsider these green tax policies by overcoming a variety of obstacles - political, legal, economic and social - in order to reinvent the existing system through national or global reforms. In this context, some proposals are made to rethink tomorrow's climate fiscal policies.An Open Access chapter is available for this title. Open Access chapters can be found in the list of chapters below, under the book description.

fiscal policy --- environmental law --- Environmental impact charges --- Climate change mitigation --- Environmental policy --- Fiscal policy --- Comparative law --- Taxe écologique --- Climat --- Politique environnementale --- Politique fiscale --- Droit comparé --- Law and legislation --- Changements --- Atténuation --- Droit --- Climatic changes --- Law and legislation. --- Algérie --- Australie --- Autriche --- Bhoutan --- Brésil --- Canada --- Chine --- République Tchèque --- Danemark --- France --- Allemagne --- Hong Kong --- Hongrie --- Inde --- Israël --- Italie --- Japon --- Mexique --- Nouvelle-Zelande --- Pologne --- Roumanie --- Russie --- Afrique du Sud --- Corée du Sud --- Espagne --- Suisse --- Royaume-Uni --- Etats-Unis --- International law --- Tax law --- Alle lande. --- Antologier. --- Klimaforandringer. --- Komparative analyser. --- Skattepolitik. --- Droit comparé. --- Environnement --- Changements climatiques. --- Droit. --- Droit comparé.

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The developing economies of the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) have been the recipients of a considerable volume of capital inflows in the 1990s. Given the increased integration of capital markets, it is not surprising that monetary control became more difficult for many developing APEC economies. Formulating an appropriate policy response has naturally been important. The three papers that make up this Occasional Paper each examine different aspects of these issues.

International finance --- Asia --- Capital movements --- mouvements internationaux des capitaux --- fmi --- apec --- azie --- -Capital movements --- -330.05 --- 332.042 --- Capital flight --- Capital flows --- Capital inflow --- Capital outflow --- Flight of capital --- Flow of capital --- Movements of capital --- Balance of payments --- Foreign exchange --- internationaal kapitaalverkeer --- imf --- asie --- 330.05 --- Banks and Banking --- Exports and Imports --- Finance: General --- Investments: Bonds --- Investments: Stocks --- International Investment --- Long-term Capital Movements --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Pension Funds --- Non-bank Financial Institutions --- Financial Instruments --- Institutional Investors --- Foreign Exchange --- International economics --- Investment & securities --- Banking --- Finance --- Currency --- Capital inflows --- Stock markets --- Commercial banks --- Bonds --- Financial markets --- Financial institutions --- Banks and banking --- Stock exchanges --- Stocks --- Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the attractions and disadvantages of currency board arrangements in their various institutional configurations. It asks what defines a currency board arrangement, what are their strengths and weaknesses, and what constraints they place on macroeconomic policies. It also reviews country experiences with these arrangements.

Money. Monetary policy --- Currency boards --- Foreign exchange administration --- -Monetary policy --- Foreign exchange --- 336.74 --- monetair beleid --- institutions monetaires internationales --- politique monetaire --- commerce mondial --- marche international des capitaux --- taux de change --- AA* / International - Internationaal --- 333.825 --- 333.480 --- 331.32 --- 333.450 --- 333.451.1 --- 330.05 --- 332.414 --- Cambistry --- Currency exchange --- Exchange, Foreign --- Foreign currency --- Foreign exchange problem --- Foreign money --- Forex --- FX (Finance) --- International exchange --- International finance --- Currency crises --- Monetary management --- Economic policy --- Money supply --- Financial institutions --- Monetary policy --- Cost effectiveness --- Geld. Geldwezen. Monetaire sector. --- internationale monetaire instellingen --- wereldhandel --- internationale kapitaalmarkt --- wisselkoers --- Deviezenpolitiek. Interventies. --- Geldstelsel. --- Structuur van de economie. --- Theorie van het deviezenverkeer. Theorie van de koopkrachtpariteit. --- Wisselkoersen. --- Working papers --- Currency boards. --- Foreign exchange administration. --- Money. --- 336.74 Geld. Geldwezen. Monetaire sector. --- Money --- Currency --- Monetary question --- Money, Primitive --- Specie --- Standard of value --- Exchange --- Finance --- Value --- Banks and banking --- Coinage --- Currency question --- Gold --- Silver --- Silver question --- Wealth --- Structuur van de economie --- Theorie van het deviezenverkeer. Theorie van de koopkrachtpariteit --- Wisselkoersen --- Geldstelsel --- Deviezenpolitiek. Interventies --- Geld. Geldwezen. Monetaire sector --- Banks and Banking --- Finance: General --- Foreign Exchange --- Inflation --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Public Finance --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Monetary Systems --- Standards --- Regimes --- Government and the Monetary System --- Payment Systems --- Monetary Policy --- Interest Rates: Determination, Term Structure, and Effects --- Price Level --- Deflation --- Banking --- Monetary economics --- Macroeconomics --- Economic & financial crises & disasters --- Public finance & taxation --- Exchange rates --- Currencies --- International reserves --- Commercial banks --- Central banks --- Exchange rate arrangements --- Foreign exchange reserves --- Interest rates --- Prices --- Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China