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This paper charts Tunisia's transformation from an inward-looking, heavily regulated economy into a predominantly market- and export-oriented one. The paper highlights some of the major challenges facing the country and draws lessons from Tunisia's experience that can be useful for other countries.

Economic policy and planning (general) --- Tunisia --- Structural adjustment (Economic policy) --- Economic stabilization --- Currency convertibility --- Economic policy --- -Currency convertibility --- -Economic stabilization --- -338.22 <611> --- 338.24 <611> --- 339.743 <611> --- 338 --- (611) --- --- politique economique --- politique monetaire --- tunisie --- TN / Tunisia - Tunesië - Tunisie --- 336.62 --- 333.480 --- 333.111.40 --- 330.05 --- 338.9611 --- Adjustment, Economic --- Business stabilization --- Economic adjustment --- Stabilization, Economic --- Convertibility of currency --- Foreign exchange --- Economische organisatieleer. Economisch beleid. Economische politiek--Tunesië --- Instrumenten van de economische politiek. Economische orde. Economisch politieke maatregelen. Stabilisering. Stimuleringsmaatregelen. Regulering. Financiele steunmaatregelen--Tunesië --- Wisselkoersen. Wisselkoerspariteiten. Dubbele wisselkoers. Devaluatie. Revaluatie. Zwevende wisselkoers. Muntslang--Tunesië --- economisch beleid --- monetair beleid --- tunesie --- Financiële hervormingen en saneringen. --- Geldstelsel. --- Gelduitgifte en gelddekking: algemeen. --- Economic policy. --- Working papers --- 339.743 <611> Wisselkoersen. Wisselkoerspariteiten. Dubbele wisselkoers. Devaluatie. Revaluatie. Zwevende wisselkoers. Muntslang--Tunesië --- 338.24 <611> Instrumenten van de economische politiek. Economische orde. Economisch politieke maatregelen. Stabilisering. Stimuleringsmaatregelen. Regulering. Financiele steunmaatregelen--Tunesië --- 338.22 <611> Economische organisatieleer. Economisch beleid. Economische politiek--Tunesië --- 338.22 <611> --- Gelduitgifte en gelddekking: algemeen --- Geldstelsel --- Financiële hervormingen en saneringen --- Chunijia --- Chunijia Kyōwakoku --- Jumhuriya at-Tunisiya --- Jumhūrīyah al-Tūnisīyah --- Republic of Tunisia --- République tunisienne --- Tunesien --- Túnez --- Tunis (Protectorate) --- Tunisie --- Tunisskai︠a︡ Respublika --- Tunisyah --- チュニジア --- チュニジア共和国 --- Structural adjustment (Economic policy) - Tunisia --- Economic stabilization - Tunisia --- Currency convertibility - Tunisia --- Tunisia - Economic policy --- Banks and Banking --- Exports and Imports --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Taxation --- Finance: General --- Trade: General --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Trade Policy --- International Trade Organizations --- Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue: General --- Nonprofit Organizations and Public Enterprise: General --- Public finance & taxation --- International economics --- Banking --- Investment & securities --- Finance --- Public ownership --- nationalization --- Imports --- Expenditure --- Revenue administration --- Treasury bills and bonds --- International trade --- Financial institutions --- Public enterprises --- Economic sectors --- Expenditures, Public --- Banks and banking --- Revenue --- Government securities --- Government business enterprises --- Nationalization

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This study reviews Albania's historical and political background, as well as economic developments in 1991. It describes the centrally planned economic system up to the onset of reform and analyzes economic performance in the 1980s.

Economic conditions. Economic development --- Albania --- 338 <496.5> --- 338.24 <496.5> --- 338 --- 338.2 --- (496.5) --- $?$93/02 --- albanie --- politique economique --- reforme economique --- AL / Albania - Albanie --- 307.0 --- 331.30 --- 330.581 --- 330.05 --- 330.94965 --- Economische situatie. Economische structuur van bepaalde landen en gebieden. Economische geografie. Economische produktie.economische produkten. Economische diensten--?<496.5> --- Instrumenten van de economische politiek. Economische orde. Economisch politieke maatregelen. Stabilisering. Stimuleringsmaatregelen. Regulering. Financiele steunmaatregelen--?<496.5> --- economisch beleid --- economische hervorming --- Algemene statistische documentatie. Statistische jaarboeken. Grafieken. Statistische gegevensbanken. --- Economische toestand. --- Experimenten. Plannen. --- Economic conditions. --- Economic policy. --- Working papers --- 338.24 <496.5> Instrumenten van de economische politiek. Economische orde. Economisch politieke maatregelen. Stabilisering. Stimuleringsmaatregelen. Regulering. Financiele steunmaatregelen--?<496.5> --- 338 <496.5> Economische situatie. Economische structuur van bepaalde landen en gebieden. Economische geografie. Economische produktie.economische produkten. Economische diensten--?<496.5> --- Algemene statistische documentatie. Statistische jaarboeken. Grafieken. Statistische gegevensbanken --- Experimenten. Plannen --- Economische toestand --- Budgeting --- Labor --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Public Finance --- Agribusiness --- Exports and Imports --- Monetary Systems --- Standards --- Regimes --- Government and the Monetary System --- Payment Systems --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- National Budget --- Budget Systems --- Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: General --- Agriculture: General --- Trade: General --- Monetary economics --- Public finance & taxation --- Budgeting & financial management --- Labour --- income economics --- Agricultural economics --- International economics --- Currency convertibility --- Expenditure --- Budget planning and preparation --- Wages --- Agricultural sector --- Money --- Public financial management (PFM) --- Exports --- International trade --- Foreign exchange market --- Expenditures, Public --- Budget --- Agricultural industries --- Income economics