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Miniaturization is a challenge thrown down to analytical chemistry. The replacement of conventional analytical systems by miniaturized alternatives during the last years is noticeable. Specifically, the miniaturization of traditional sample preparation techniques (e.g., solid-phase extraction or solvent extraction) led to the development of environmentally benign analytical methods. This book aims to provide an overview of the challenges and achievements in the application of the miniaturized sample preparation methods in analytical laboratories. It includes both theoretical and practical aspects of miniaturized sample preparation approaches and hence should be of interest to researchers, students and teachers of analytical and bioanalytical chemistry, environmental sciences and environmental engineering.

Sampling. --- Sample preparation (Chemistry) --- Extraction (Chemistry) --- Preparation of chemical samples --- Inspection by sampling --- Chemistry, Technical --- Diffusion --- Packed towers --- Separation (Technology) --- Solution (Chemistry) --- Chemistry, Analytic --- Sampling --- Technique --- Analytical chemistry --- Analytical Chemistry --- Materials Science --- Green Chemistry

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20 years of dispute over one and a half seconds of copied music? The dispute in the »Metal on Metal« (German: »Metall auf Metall«) case between the music group Kraftwerk and the composer Moses Pelham even occupied the European Court of Justice in 2019. It shows that copyright has become a socially contentious issue that has pushed its way out of the niche of the artistic sphere and into the everyday lives of almost everyone. This process has not gone unnoticed by academia, and yet academia is only just beginning to understand the implications and effects of this copyright expansion in more detail. Sociologist Georg Fischer provides the first empirical study of sampling in music that explicitly examines the impact of German copyright law on creative practice. He shows the abundance and diversity of creative circumvention strategies that have spread and taken root in the shadow of copyright law – and with which artists necessarily limit their own visibility as well as the aesthetic complexity and monetary exploitation of their works. 20 Jahre Streit um eineinhalb Sekunden kopierte Musik? Die Auseinandersetzung im Fall »Metall auf Metall« zwischen der Musikgruppe Kraftwerk und dem Komponisten Moses Pelham beschäftigte 2019 sogar den Europäischen Gerichtshof. Sie zeigt, dass das Urheberrecht zu einem gesellschaftlichen Streitthema geworden ist, das sich aus der Nische des künstlerischen Bereichs in den Alltag nahezu aller Menschen gedrängt hat. Dieser Prozess lief nicht unbemerkt von der Wissenschaft ab und dennoch ist diese gerade erst dabei, die Implikationen und Effekte dieser urheberrechtlichen Ausdehnung genauer zu verstehen. Der Soziologe Georg Fischer liefert die erste empirische Studie zum Sampling in der Musik, die explizit den Einfluss des deutschen Urheberrechts auf die kreative Praxis untersucht. Er zeigt die Fülle und Vielfalt an kreativen Umgehungsstrategien, die sich im Schatten des Urheberrechts ausgebreitet und verankert haben – und mit denen die Künstler_innen die eigene Sichtbarkeit sowie die ästhetische Komplexität und monetäre Verwertung ihrer Werke notgedrungen einschränken.

Copyright --- Music --- copyright --- sampling --- music industry --- Kraftwerk --- Moses Pelham --- intellectual property rights --- level of creativity

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Quality control is a standard which certainly has become a style of living. With the improvement of technology every day, we meet new and complicated devices and methods in different fields. Quality control explains the directed use of testing to measure the achievement of a specific standard. It is the process, procedures and authority used to accept or reject all components, drug product containers, closures, in-process materials, packaging material, labeling and drug products, and the authority to review production records to assure that no errors have occurred.The quality which is supposed to be achieved is not a concept which can be controlled by easy, numerical or other means, but it is the control over the intrinsic quality of a test facility and its studies. The aim of this book is to share useful and practical knowledge about quality control in several fields with the people who want to improve their knowledge.

Quality control. --- Factory management --- Industrial engineering --- Reliability (Engineering) --- Sampling (Statistics) --- Standardization --- Quality assurance --- Quality of products --- Industrial quality control

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The authors of this thematic issue provide a comprehensive summary of most recent knowledge and references on quality control in wide fields. Quality control is essential for natural products like natural medicine and related food products. In this issue fifteen chapters have been included, discussing in detail various aspects of quality control. It will certainly prove useful not only for phytochemical researchers, but also many scientists working in numerous fields. Much effort has been invested by the contributors to share current information. Without their efforts and input 'Quality Control of Herbal Medicine and Related Areas' could not exist.

Quality control. --- Factory management --- Industrial engineering --- Reliability (Engineering) --- Sampling (Statistics) --- Standardization --- Quality assurance --- Quality of products --- Complementary medicine

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This work describes an optimization concept for mobile antenna systems. The so-called antenna synthesis determines optimal fixed antenna radiation patterns with the help of simulated or measured transmission channels. These radiation patterns increase the spectral efficiency and the reliability of the antenna system compared to conventional antennas with omnidirectional radiation patterns. Therefor the antenna systems are matched as best as possible to the predominant directions of the channel.

MIMO systems --- Mobile Kommunikationskanäle --- optimal antenna radiation patterns --- channel sampling --- Antennensynthese --- optimale Richtcharakteristiken --- Kanalabtastungantenna synthesis --- MIMO Systeme --- mobile communication channels