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Ruby, red corundum, is a gem mineral with mineral properties, gem characteristics and chemistry that are reliant on critical trace element substitutions in its aluminum oxide crystal structure. Ruby has attracted scientific and economic interest. It has already been studied extensively regarding its widespread global distribution and the diversity of its geological associations, as revealed by exploration and exploitation. Researchers are becoming increasingly aware that geographic typing of ruby characteristics and its host assemblages may guide further exploration and provide checks on reputed sources of both rough and cut stones. Genetic pointers, based on fluid and solid mineral inclusions, oxygen and other isotope values and pressure and temperature estimates, have already yielded much genetic information. Rare ruby in mantle xenoliths, TP ~1100o C, 2GPa, epitaxial diamond in ruby and ruby in diamond have special interest. Amid the present extensive documentation on this singular gem mineral, new insights and co-existing associations remain to be discovered. Although ruby largely appears in metamorphic and metasomatic source rocks, newer studies suggest it may also arise from magmatic sources. Age-dating of a range of mineral inclusions in ruby now allows more precise modelling of ruby genesis. Tectonic aspects of ruby genesis related to early collisional plate events on Earth are also a frontier for further understanding. In addition, ruby growth remains an important phase in metamorphic studies of events in some young collisional zones. This Special Issue planned for Minerals aims to attract further studies on this multi-origin gem mineral. Investigations at the ‘economic border’ of ruby and sapphire nomenclature and relevant treatments affecting ruby color will be considered.

gems --- ruby --- marble --- eskolaite --- Southern Urals --- spinel --- Mogok --- geochronology --- U–Pb dating --- zircon --- zirconolite --- geographic origin determination --- sapphire --- trace elements --- radiogenic isotopes --- linear discriminant analysis --- corundum --- gemology --- geology of gem deposits --- mineralogical association --- geochemistry --- Snezhnoe deposit --- Tajikistan --- Central Pamir --- Muzkol–Rangkul anticlinorium --- in situ U–Pb LA–ICP–MS rutile dating --- oxygen isotopes --- Rb–Sr and Sm–Nd isotopes --- sulfides --- Montepuez --- ruby deposits --- classification --- typology --- magmatism --- metamorphism --- sedimentary --- metasomatism --- fluids --- stable and radiogenic isotopes --- genetic models --- exploration --- n/a --- U-Pb dating --- Muzkol-Rangkul anticlinorium --- in situ U-Pb LA-ICP-MS rutile dating --- Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd isotopes

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Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO), also known as micro-arc oxidation (MAO), functionalizes surfaces, improving the mechanical, thermal, and corrosion performance of metallic substrates, along with other tailored properties (e.g., biocompatibility, catalysis, antibacterial response, self-lubrication, etc.). The extensive field of applications of this technique ranges from structural components, in particular, in the transport sector, to more advanced fields, such as bioengineering. The present Special Issue covers the latest advances in PEO‐coated light alloys for structural (Al, Mg) and biomedical applications (Ti, Mg), with 10 research papers and 1 review from leading research groups around the world.

magnesium --- plasma electrolytic oxidation --- SiO2 particle --- corrosion resistance --- wear resistance --- micro arc oxidation (MAO) --- Cu nano-layer --- hydrophilic surface --- apatite --- in vitro bioactivity --- antibacterial properties --- PEO --- LDH --- active protection --- corrosion --- aluminium --- biodegradable implants --- magnesium alloy --- micro-arc oxidation --- Taguchi method --- SBF --- in-vivo test --- biodegradability --- plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) --- aluminum 6082 --- luminescent coatings --- phosphorescence --- anodized aluminum --- Mott-Schottky analysis --- defect --- annealing --- titanium dioxide --- anatase and rutile --- surface treatment --- wear --- medical engineering --- aluminum --- titanium --- Al7075 alloy --- aluminum oxide --- molten salt --- microhardness --- radio frequency magnetron sputtering (RFMS) --- calcium-phosphate (CaP) coating --- n/a

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In 2018, the International Symposium on Nanogeoscience was held in Guiyang, China. Scholars from around the globe gathered to discuss recent progress and development trends in various aspects of nanogeoscience, including nanomineralogy. Nanomineralogy, an important aspect of nanogeoscience, focuses on the composition, structure, and physical and chemical properties of nanoscale minerals and their interrelations with other Earth critical components. To give a sampling of the latest progress in nanomineralogy and related fields, we offer this Special Issue, which describes a full range of recent nanomineralogic achievements relating to everything from nanominerals and geochemistry, mineral nanostructures, and nanomineral deformation, to nanopores in oil and gas reservoirs, nanomineral deposits, and nanomineral material. Today, nanomineralogy faces a new strategic opportunity as well as a revolutionary challenge. We thus present this special nanomineralogy-focused issue of Minerals with the aim of encouraging our colleagues to familiarize themselves with current developments, trends, and directions in nanomineralogy, enabling an understanding of the potential of the field as a whole. We look forward to developing further scientific research and cooperation in nanomineralogy, hoping thereby to attract and guide young scholars to participate in this field.

preparation --- hydroxysodalite --- bentonite --- alkali-activation --- water-bath --- total porosity --- shale gas reservoir --- Longmaxi Formation --- Southeast Chongqing --- pyrite --- thermal treatment --- pyrrhotite --- Hg(II) removal --- mechanism --- Changling Fault Depression --- Shahezi Formation --- fractal dimensions --- pore structure --- shale lithofacies --- lacustrine shales --- pore networks --- pore connectivity --- spontaneous fluid imbibition --- Shahezi shales --- Sm–Nd dating --- Shuiyindong --- Carlin-type gold deposit --- Southwestern China --- southern North China --- marine shale --- nanopore structure --- heterogeneity --- fractal dimension --- calcium carbonate --- mesopore --- amoxicillin --- adsorption --- kinetics --- thermodynamics --- nanocubic pyrite --- hydrothermal synthesis --- greigite --- thiourea --- iron --- nanoparticle --- Fe --- nanomaterial --- colloid --- L-edge XANES --- speciation --- hierarchical nanocomposite --- sepiolite --- clay mineral --- heavy metals --- water treatment --- nanograins --- principal slip zone --- crystallographic preferred orientation --- amorphization --- mirror-slip surface --- faults --- earthquakes --- localization --- Nantuo Formation --- syn-glacial dolostone --- rare earth elements --- ferruginous conditions --- South China --- nanostructure --- OM–clay aggregate --- silica nanograin --- tectonic and thermal evolution --- Longmaxi Formation shale --- N2 adsorption --- helium ion microscope --- minerals --- trace elements --- major elements --- fault zone --- tectonically deformed coal --- differentiation mechanism --- metallic nanoparticles --- migration mechanism --- prospecting --- Shenjiayao gold deposit --- syngenetic framboids --- diagenetic framboids --- paleoredox conditions --- shale gas content --- middle Yangtze area --- nanocrystalline rutile --- phase transition --- metallization --- high pressure --- diamond anvil cell --- n/a --- Sm-Nd dating --- OM-clay aggregate