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Chronology is the backbone of history, and there is a wise saying stating there is no history without a chronology. Earths evolutionary history is built up by geochronology, i.e. time benchmarks upon which the geological history is built up step by step over its total time period of about 4.5 billion years. The first marker in this history is the Jack Hills zircon from Australia dated at about 4.4 GA. The most detailed records come from seasonal changes within annual varves. Stratigraphy provides the basic chronological ordering of layers by layers, units by units, fossil assemblage by assemblage, varves by varves, growth zone by growth zone, etc. The radiometric techniques implied the introduction of absolute age determinations. This book includes a combination of methodological presentations and related case studies, from where we learn about practical problems and achievements. Therefore, the book should be of basic interest both for scientists in their practical in field and laboratory, as well as for general educational purpose.

Geochronometry. --- Dating of fossils --- Dating of rocks --- Fossils --- Geological chronometry --- Geological time --- Rocks --- Time measurements --- Dating --- Measurement --- Geology & the lithosphere

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Fluid flow in transforming porous rocks, fracture networks, and granular media is a very active interdisciplinary research subject in Physics, Earth Sciences, and Engineering. Examples of natural and engineered processes include hydrocarbon recovery, carbon dioxide geo-sequestration, soil drying and wetting, pollution remediation, soil liquefaction, landslides, dynamics of wet or dry granular media, dynamics of faulting or friction, volcanic eruptions, gas venting in sediments, karst development and speleogenesis, ore deposit development, and radioactive waste disposal. Hydrodynamic flow instabilities and pore scale disorder typically result in complex flow patterning. In transforming media, additional mechanisms come into play: compaction, de-compaction, erosion, segregation, and fracturing lead to changes in permeability over time. Dissolution, precipitation, and chemical reactions between solutes and solids may gradually alter the composition and structure of the solid matrix, either creating or destroying permeable paths for fluid flow. A complex, dynamic feedback thus arises where, on the one hand, the fluid flow affects the characteristics of the porous medium, and on the other hand the changing medium influences the fluid flow. This Research Topic Ebook presents current research illustrating the depth and breadth of ongoing work in the field of flow and transformation in porous media through 15 papers by 72 authors from around the world. The body of work highlights the challenges posed by the vast range of length- and time-scales over which subsurface flow processes occur. Importantly, phenomena from each scale contribute to the larger-scale behavior. The flow of oil and gas in reservoirs, and the flow of groundwater on catchment scale is sensitively linked to pore scale processes and material heterogeneity down to the micrometer scale. The geological features of the same reservoirs and catchments evolved over millions of years, sometimes as a consequence of cracking and fracture growth occurring on the time scale of microseconds. The research presented by the authors of this Research Topic represents a step toward bridging the separation of scales as well as the separation of scientific disciplines so that a more unified picture of flow and transformation in porous media can start to emerge.

Porous media --- precipitation --- stress --- rocks --- Friction --- dissolution --- fluid --- transport --- fractures --- granular media

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A spectre is haunting humanity: the spectre of a reality that will outwit and, in the end, bury us. “The Anthropocene,” or The Human Era, is an attempt to name our geological fate – that we will one day disappear into the layer-cake of Earth’s geology – while highlighting humanity in the starring role of today’s Earthly drama. In Shadowing the Anthropocene, Adrian Ivakhiv proposes an ecological realism that takes as its starting point humanity’s eventual demise. The only question for a realist today, he suggests, is what to do now and what quality of compost to leave behind with our burial. The book engages with the challenges of the Anthropocene and with a series of philosophical efforts to address them, including those of Slavoj Žižek and Charles Taylor, Graham Harman and Timothy Morton, Isabelle Stengers and Bruno Latour, and William Connolly and Jane Bennett. Along the way, there are volcanic eruptions and revolutions, ant cities and dog parks, data clouds and space junk, pagan gods and sacrificial altars, dark flow, souls (of things), and jazz. Ivakhiv draws from centuries old process-relational thinking that hearkens back to Daoist and Buddhist sages, but gains incisive re-invigoration in the philosophies of Charles Sanders Peirce and Alfred North Whitehead. He translates those insights into practices of “engaged Anthropocenic bodymindfulness” – aesthetic, ethical, and ecological practices for living in the shadow of the Anthropocene.

Geology, Stratigraphic --- Nature --- Philosophical anthropology. --- Environmental psychology. --- Effect of human beings on --- Cognitive ergonomics --- Ecological psychology --- Ecopsychology --- Ecotherapy --- Environmental quality --- Environmental social sciences --- Human factors science --- Psychoeology --- Psychology --- Psychotherapy --- Ecological Systems Theory --- Anthropology, Philosophical --- Man (Philosophy) --- Civilization --- Life --- Ontology --- Humanism --- Persons --- Philosophy of mind --- Age of rocks --- Rocks --- Stratigraphic geology --- Physical geology --- Psychological aspects --- Philosophy --- Age

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This open access book documents the use of radiogenic and stable isotopes to study mineral deposits from a global to the deposit scale. It includes data-sets that have been directly used in mineral exploration. Isotopic data have been key to developing models for the origin of many mineral deposit types. The book has four sections: (1) the use of radiogenic isotopes to date mineral deposits, (2) the use of radiogenic isotope mapping to understand metal sources and regional- to district-scale controls on metallogenesis, (3) the use of light stable isotopes to determine fluid and sulfur sources, and (4) the use of metallic stable isotopes to understand the sources of ore metals. Each section includes chapters on specific isotopic systems and/or mineral systems that provide information on theory, analytical methods, uses in deposit and metallogenic studies, examples, and traps for young players.

Geochemistry. --- Mineralogy. --- Petrology. --- Geotechnical engineering. --- Geotechnical Engineering and Applied Earth Sciences. --- Engineering, Geotechnical --- Geotechnics --- Geotechnology --- Engineering geology --- Lithology --- Petrography --- Physical geology --- Rocks --- Crystallography --- Minerals --- Chemical composition of the earth --- Chemical geology --- Geological chemistry --- Geology, Chemical --- Chemistry --- Earth sciences

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Art rupestre et peuplements historiques au Yémen fait le point sur l'état actuel des connaissances en ce domaine. À l'inventaire iconographique de l'art rupestre préhistorique des régions de Saada et de Radā‘, établi par Madiha Rachad, s'est ajoutée une nouvelle découverte dans la région d'al-Dalī‘, relevée par une équipe dirigée par Frank Braemer. Ainsi cet ouvrage révèle-t-il un remarquable ensemble gravé et peint de représentations d'animaux, ainsi que des figurations humaines et des signes. Ces œuvres, d'abord gravées par des chasseurs, puis également peintes, illustrent aussi les premières périodes de la domestication animale en Arabie du Sud. Rock Art and prehistoric human Settlements in Yemen reviews the current state of the knowledge in this domain. In addition to the iconographic inventory of the prehistoric rock art of the regions of Saada and Rada', established by Madiha Rachad, a team directed by Frank Braemer made a new discovery in the region of al-Dali'. This book is thus revealing remarkable rock art pieces and paintings of animals, as well as human representations and signs. These works, at first engraved by hunters, then also painted, illustrate as well the first periods of animal domesticating in South Arabia. يستعرض الفن الصخري والمستوطنات التاريخية في اليمن الوضع الحالي للمعرفة في هذا المجال. بالإضافة إلى قائمة الجرد الأيقوني للفن الصخري لما قبل التاريخ في منطقتي صعدة ورداع، الذي أعدّته مديحة رشاد، قام فريق بقيادة فرانك برامر باكتشاف جديد في منطقة الضالع. وهكذا، يكشف هذا الكتاب عن مجموعة رائعة منقوشة ومرسومة من تمثيلات الحيوانات، وكذلك الأشكال البشرية والرموز. هذه الأعمال، التي نحتها الصيادون في البداية، ثم رسمت أيضًا، توضح الفترات الأولى من تدجين الحيوانات في جنوب الجزيرة العربية.

Rock paintings --- Petroglyphs --- Prehistoric peoples --- Antiquities, Prehistoric --- Yemen, North --- Antiquities. --- Prehistoric antiquities --- Prehistoric archaeology --- Prehistory --- Cavemen (Prehistoric peoples) --- Early man --- Man, Prehistoric --- Prehistoric human beings --- Prehistoric humans --- Human beings --- Carvings, Rock --- Engravings, Rock --- Rock carvings --- Rock engravings --- Rock inscriptions --- Stone inscriptions --- Inscriptions --- Picture-writing --- Paintings, Rock --- Pictured rocks --- Rock drawings --- Archaeology --- Art, Prehistoric --- Painting, Prehistoric --- North Yemen --- Primitive societies --- المستوطنات البشرية --- الفن الصخري