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Book
Thin Films Photovoltaics
Authors: ---
Year: 2022 Publisher: London : IntechOpen,

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Abstract

Thin film photovoltaic-based solar modules produce power at a low cost per watt. They are ideal candidates for large-scale solar farms as well as building-integrated photovoltaic applications. They can generate consistent power, not only at elevated temperatures but also on cloudy, overcast days and at low sun angles.Thin film photovoltaics are second-generation solar cells produced by depositing one or more thin layers, or thin films, of photosensitive material on a suitable substrate such as glass, polymer, or metal. Thin film solar cells are based on various materials such as cadmium telluride (CdTe), copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS), and amorphous thin film silicon (a-Si, TF-Si) are commercially used in several conventional and advanced technologies.


Book
In Situ Characterization and Modelling of Drying Dynamics for Scalable Printing of Hybrid Perovskite Photovoltaics
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Year: 2023 Publisher: Karlsruhe : KIT Scientific Publishing,

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Hybrid perovskite photovoltaics could play a vital role in future's renewable energy production. However, there are still severe challenges when scaling the technology. In this work, perovskite solution films drying in laminar and slot-jet air flows are investigated extensively by optical in situ characterization. The main results are a quantitative model of perovskite drying dynamics and a novel in situ imaging technique - yielding valuable predictions for large-scale perovskite fabrication.


Book
Solar panels and photovoltaic materials
Authors: ---
ISBN: 1789234352 1789234344 183881647X Year: 2018 Publisher: IntechOpen

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Despite their wide availability and relatively low prices, the conventional energy sources have harmful consequences on the environment and are exhaustible. In order to circumvent these negative effects, the renewable energies in general and the photovoltaic energy in particular are becoming more and more attractive. Solar cell is an electrical device that converts light into electricity at the atomic level. These devices use inorganic or organic semiconductor materials that absorb photons with energy greater than their bandgap to promote energy carriers into their conduction band. They do not pollute the atmosphere by releasing harmful gases, do not require any fuel to produce electricity, and do not move parts so they are rugged. Solar panels have a very long life and do not need much maintenance.


Book
Third Generation Photovoltaics
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ISBN: 9535161547 9535103040 Year: 2012 Publisher: IntechOpen

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Photovoltaics have started replacing fossil fuels as major energy generation roadmaps, targeting higher efficiencies and/or lower costs are aggressively pursued to bring PV to cost parity with grid electricity. Third generation PV technologies may overcome the fundamental limitations of photon to electron conversion in single-junction devices and, thus, improve both their efficiency and cost. This book presents notable advances in these technologies, namely organic cells and nanostructures, dye-sensitized cells and multijunction III/V cells. The following topics are addressed: Solar spectrum conversion for photovoltaics using nanoparticles; multiscale modeling of heterojunctions in organic PV; technologies and manufacturing of OPV; life cycle assessment of OPV; new materials and architectures for dye-sensitized solar cells; advances of concentrating PV; modeling doped III/V alloys; polymeric films for lowering the cost of PV, and field performance factors. A panel of acclaimed PV professionals contributed these topics, compiling the state of knowledge for advancing this new generation of PV.


Book
Advanced Optimization Methods and Big Data Applications in Energy Demand Forecast
Authors: --- ---
Year: 2021 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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The use of data collectors in energy systems is growing more and more. For example, smart sensors are now widely used in energy production and energy consumption systems. This implies that huge amounts of data are generated and need to be analyzed in order to extract useful insights from them. Such big data give rise to a number of opportunities and challenges for informed decision making. In recent years, researchers have been working very actively in order to come up with effective and powerful techniques in order to deal with the huge amount of data available. Such approaches can be used in the context of energy production and consumption considering the amount of data produced by all samples and measurements, as well as including many additional features. With them, automated machine learning methods for extracting relevant patterns, high-performance computing, or data visualization are being successfully applied to energy demand forecasting. In light of the above, this Special Issue collects the latest research on relevant topics, in particular in energy demand forecasts, and the use of advanced optimization methods and big data techniques. Here, by energy, we mean any kind of energy, e.g., electrical, solar, microwave, or wind


Book
Grid-Connected PV Plants
Authors: ---
Year: 2020 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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PV power plant integration into the grid has been a relevant topic of interest over the last years. Policies supported by governments, technology maturity, favorable incentives, and cost decreasing have significantly promoted the integration of PV power plants into power systems at the transmission and distribution levels. Nevertheless, some barriers remain in terms of forecasting generation, grid reliability, and power quality, which must be overcome for the massive PV integration into future power systems. Additionally, the ancillary services provided by these generation units are increasingly required by different agents to facilitate grid operation under a high proportion of renewables. Topics of interest for this Special Issue include the following areas: large-scale PV power plants, energy policies related to PV power plants, grid integration and interaction, PV power plant modeling, monitoring and case studies, communication systems for PV power plants integration, economic analyses, PV inverters and sizing analyses, new trends in PV technologies, and reviews.


Book
Microgrids : The Path to Sustainability
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Year: 2021 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Microgrids are a growing segment of the energy industry, representing a paradigm shift from centralized structures toward more localized, autonomous, dynamic, and bi-directional energy networks, especially in cities and communities. The ability to isolate from the larger grid makes microgrids resilient, while their capability of forming scalable energy clusters permits the delivery of services that make the grid more sustainable and competitive. Through an optimal design and management process, microgrids could also provide efficient, low-cost, clean energy and help to improve the operation and stability of regional energy systems. This book covers these promising and dynamic areas of research and development and gathers contributions on different aspects of microgrids in an aim to impart higher degrees of sustainability and resilience to energy systems.


Book
Assessment of Renewable Energy Resources with Remote Sensing
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Year: 2021 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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The book “Assessment of Renewable Energy Resources with Remote Sensing" focuses on disseminating scientific knowledge and technological developments for the assessment and forecasting of renewable energy resources using remote sensing techniques. The eleven papers inside the book provide an overview of remote sensing applications on hydro, solar, wind and geothermal energy resources and their major goal is to provide state of art knowledge to contribute with the renewable energy resource deployment, especially in regions where energy demand is rapidly expanding. Renewable energy resources have an intrinsic relationship with local environmental features and the regional climate. Even small and fast environment and/or climate changes can cause significant variability in power generation at different time and space scales. Methodologies based on remote sensing are the primary source of information for the development of numerical models that aim to support the planning and operation of an electric system with a substantial contribution of intermittent energy sources. In addition, reliable data and knowledge on renewable energy resource assessment are fundamental to ensure sustainable expansion considering environmental, financial and energetic security.

Keywords

metaheuristic --- parameter extraction --- solar photovoltaic --- whale optimization algorithm --- cloud detection --- digitized image processing --- artificial neural networks --- solar irradiance estimation --- solar irradiance forecasting --- solar energy --- sky camera --- remote sensing --- CSP plants --- coastal wind measurements --- scanning LiDAR --- plan position indicator --- velocity volume processing --- Hazaki Oceanographical Research Station --- cloud coverage --- image processing --- total sky imagery --- geothermal energy --- geophysical prospecting --- time domain electromagnetic method --- electrical resistivity tomography --- potential well field location --- GES-CAL software --- smart island --- solar radiation forecasting --- light gradient boosting machine --- multistep-ahead prediction --- feature importance --- voxel-design approach --- shading envelopes --- point cloud data --- computational design method --- passive design strategy --- lake breeze influence --- hydropower reservoir --- solar irradiance enhancement --- solar energy resource --- wind speed --- extreme value analysis --- scatterometer --- feature engineering --- forecasting --- graphical user interface software --- machine learning --- photovoltaic power plant --- surface solar radiation --- global radiation --- satellite --- Baltic area --- coastline --- cloud --- convection --- climate --- renewable energy resource assessment and forecasting --- remote sensing data acquisition --- data processing --- statistical analysis --- machine learning techniques


Book
Advanced Modeling, Control, and Optimization Methods in Power Hybrid Systems - 2021
Author:
Year: 2022 Publisher: Basel MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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The climate changes that are becoming visible today are a challenge for the global research community. In this context, renewable energy sources, fuel cell systems and other energy generating sources must be optimally combined and connected to the grid system using advanced energy transaction methods. As this reprint presents the latest solutions in the implementation of fuel cell and renewable energy in mobile and stationary applications such as hybrid and microgrid power systems based on the Energy Internet, blockchain technology and smart contracts, we hope that they will be of interest to readers working in the related fields mentioned above.


Book
Sustainable Building and Indoor Air Quality
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Year: 2021 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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This Special Issue addresses a topic of great contemporary relevance; in developed countries, most of peoples’ time is spent indoors and, depending on each person, the presence in the home ranges from 60% to 90% of the day, and 30% of that time is spent sleeping. Taking into account these data, indoor residential environments have a direct influence on human health. In addition to this, in developing countries, significant levels of indoor pollution make housing unsafe, with a detrimental impact on the health of inhabitants. Housing is therefore a key health factor for people all over the world, and various parameters such as air quality, ventilation, hygrothermal comfort, lighting, physical environment, and building efficiency, among others, can contribute to healthy architecture, and the conditions that can result from the poor application of these parameters.

Keywords

vernacular architecture --- sustainability --- energy efficiency --- history --- statistics --- society --- acoustics --- environmental quality --- learning space --- occupant comfort --- sustainable architecture --- sustainable building --- visual comfort --- thermal comfort --- ventilation comfort --- VOCs --- polymer-based items --- indoor air quality --- test emission chamber --- exposure scenario --- natural lighting --- artificial lighting --- indoor lighting design --- chronodisruption --- circadian rhythms --- daylighting --- sustainable lighting design --- LED luminaires --- indoor environment quality --- classroom lighting --- sustainable development --- desalination --- reverse osmosis --- renewable energies --- environmental impacts --- decision support systems --- types of contract --- in-vehicle air quality --- pollution model --- thermal environment --- solar radiation --- VOCs exposure --- CFD --- environmental health --- building energy simulation --- water flow glazing --- experimental validation --- schools --- heat perception --- user’s perception --- qualitative technique --- POE --- weather file management --- weather datasets --- weather stations --- sensitivity analysis of weather parameters --- thermal zone temperature --- building energy management --- unitized facade --- Water Flow Glazing --- mean radiant temperature --- final energy consumption --- Artificial Neural Network (ANN) --- Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS) --- Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) --- photovoltaic power --- weather data --- facility management --- construction materials --- “smelly buildings” --- Belgrade --- Serbia --- Mexico --- energy simulation --- building energy model --- Open Studio --- SGSAVE --- NOM-020-ENER-2011 --- climate zoning --- traditional construction systems --- social housing --- verification method --- climate change --- global warming --- carbon footprint --- GHG emissions --- climate emergency --- hydrogen --- PEM fuel cells --- cogeneration --- building sustainability --- energy saving --- hygrothermal comfort --- indoor green --- vertical greenery --- cost-benefit-ratio --- sick leave --- absenteeism --- alternative quantification method

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