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Book
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Nephropathic Cystinosis
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Year: 2022 Publisher: Basel MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

Nephropathic cystinosis (MIM # 219800) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the lysosomal cystine transporter cystinosin, encoded by the CTNS gene (17p13.2). This devastating condition initially affects kidneys and subsequently many other organs including eyes, thyroid, pancreas, muscles, and brain. While lysosomal cystine storage is a key feature of the disease and the main target of current therapy, recent groundbreaking research has revealed that cystinosin has diverse functions in cells, being involved in vesicle trafficking, energy homeostasis, and cell death mechanisms. These discoveries deepen our insights into the mechanisms of cystinosis and of lysosomal biology in general. In this Special Issue dedicated to the pioneer of cystinosis research Dr. Jerry Schneider, we highlight the state-of-the-art understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms of various disease features, opening new horizons for innovative treatment strategies for cystinosis and potentially other lysosomal storage diseases.


Book
Functional Polymer Solutions and Gels-Physics and Novel Applications : Physics and Novel Applications
Authors: ---
Year: 2020 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

“Functional Polymer Solutions and Gels—Physics and Novel Applications” contains a broad range of articles in this vast field of polymer and soft matter science. It shows insight into the field by highlighting how sticky (non-covalent) chemical bonds can assemble a seemingly water-like liquid into a gel, how ionic liquids influence the gelation behavior of poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide) as well as how the molecular composition of functional copolymers is reflected in the temperature-responsiveness. These physics were augmented by theoretical works on drag-reduction. Also, drug-release – an improved control of how fast or dependent on an external factor – and antibacterial properties were the topic of several works. Biomedical applications on how cell growth can be influenced and how vessels in biological systems, e.g., blood vessels, can be improved by functional polymers were complemented with papers on tomography by using gels. On totally different lines, also the topic of how asphalt can be improved and how functional polymers can be used for the enrichment and removal of substances. These different papers are a good representation of the whole area of functional polymers.

Keywords

Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) --- tacticity --- ionic liquid --- rheology --- hydrogel --- vascular graft --- braided fiber strut --- swellability --- mechanical property --- N-isopropylacrylamide --- lower critical solution temperature --- thermoresponsive polymers --- hydrophobic interactions --- statistical modeling --- SBS-modified asphalt binder --- UV aging --- rheological properties --- functional group --- cracking --- osteoporosis --- strontium --- polyphenol tannic acid --- titanium --- osteoblasts --- osteoclasts --- hydrophilic molecularly imprinted chitosan --- deep eutectic solvents --- solid phase microextraction --- gallic acid --- response surface methodology --- coating --- drug delivery --- surface roughness --- polymers --- mesoporous silica --- polypropylene --- nonwoven fibers --- plasma --- imprinted polymer --- chromium --- carbon-fibers --- multifunctional composites --- nanocomposites --- fracture toughness --- associative polymer colloids --- micellar assemblies --- Reynolds stress model --- polymer --- turbulent model --- drag reduction --- DNS --- responsive gels in biomedical and diagnostic applications --- gel --- precision --- radiation therapy --- dosimetry --- 3D --- flattening filter free --- FFF --- oxygen scavenger --- dose rate --- magnetic resonance --- fluorescent gels --- radio-fluorogenic (RFG) gel --- tomographic fluorescence imaging --- polymer-gel radiation dosimetry --- 3D radiation dosimetry --- microscopic characteristic --- poly (styrene-butadiene-styrene)-modified asphalt --- modified clamps --- adhesion --- n/a


Book
Cancer Immunology
Authors: ---
Year: 2021 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

The past decade has seen immunotherapy rise to the forefront of cancer treatment. This Special Issue of Cancers aims to elaborate on the latest developments, cutting-edge technologies, and prospects in cancer immunology and immunotherapy. Seventeen exceptional studies, including original contributions and review articles, written by international scientists and physicians, primarily concerning the fields of tumor biology, cancer immunology, therapeutics, and drug development, comprise the main body of this Special Issue.

Keywords

NKG2D --- CAR T --- IL-7 --- prostate cancer --- cell therapy --- CD19-CAR-T --- B cell aplasia --- KIR --- PD-1 --- inhibitory CAR --- tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes --- tumor microenvironment --- immunotherapy --- NK cells --- cancer stem cells (CSCs) --- antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) --- differentiation --- cytotoxicity --- IFN-γ --- osteoclasts --- MICA/B mAb --- DNA methylation --- RNA methylation --- S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) --- cancer --- innate immunity --- adaptive immunity --- T cells --- m6A --- PD-L1 --- resistance --- immune checkpoints --- cancer vaccine --- combination immunotherapy --- TCR diversity --- organ transplantation --- carcinoma --- epidemiologic studies --- immunosuppression --- CTLA-4 --- Treg cells --- immune checkpoint inhibitors --- CD28 --- antigen-presenting cells --- IL15 --- colon cancer --- melanoma --- uveal --- BAP1 --- anti-PD-1 --- anti-CTLA-4 --- TIL --- classical and endemic Kaposi Sarcoma --- systemic treatment --- multi-state modelling --- treatment free interval --- chemotherapy --- interferon --- triple negative breast cancer --- immunomodulation --- bispecific antibody --- sortase A --- chemo-enzymatic approach --- anti-CD20 antibody --- Fab --- BiFab --- colorectal cancer --- dendritic cells --- Atypical Chemokine Receptor 4 (ACKR4) --- T-cell priming --- immune checkpoint blockade --- primary liver cancer --- kynurenine pathway --- immune evasion --- indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase 1 --- tryptophan 2,3 dioxygenase 2 --- IDO inhibitor --- antigen presenting cells --- n/a


Book
Antioxidants in Foods
Authors: ---
Year: 2021 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

Antioxidants in food have a dual role; on the one hand, they preserve the quality and shelf life of food products; on the other hand, they function as an external aid, helping to defend our living cells from the threat of oxidative stress. Therefore, foods rich in antioxidants are a useful tool to reduce morbidity and prevent degenerative diseases. Consequently, research related to antioxidants is continually growing. This book brings together 21 articles regarding the latest advances in the most relevant fields of food antioxidant research; from the identification and characterization of new active components, to their molecular mechanisms and the scientific evidence of their clinical use and effectiveness.

Keywords

green tea extract --- food processing --- tannase --- ultrasound --- antioxidant activity --- liver injury --- acclimatisation --- antioxidant defences --- chlorophyll fluorescence --- in vitro culture --- peroxidase --- stevia plants --- 7S basic globulins --- anti-inflammatory protein --- antioxidant protein --- cytokines --- glutathione --- iNOS --- nitric oxide --- oxidative stress --- sweet lupins group --- home-cooking --- extra virgin olive oil --- UPLC-ESI-QqQ-MS/MS --- healthy cooking --- Mediterranean diet --- phenolic compounds --- bioactive compounds --- functional pasta --- gluten-free pasta --- bioaccessibility --- bioavailability --- whole grain --- composite flour --- legumes --- food by-products --- avocados (Persea americana Mill.) --- low temperatures --- plastochromanol-8 --- tocotrienols --- tocopherols --- tocochromanols --- kombucha --- tea --- fermentation --- antioxidant --- flavonoids --- polyphenols --- ascorbic acid --- chlorophyll and carotenoid content --- biodiversity --- Capsicum annuum L. --- β-carotene --- statistical analysis --- rye bread --- microencapsulation --- phenolics --- in vitro relative bioaccessibility --- lipoxygenase --- cyclooxygenase --- acetylcholinesterase --- biological activity --- lycopene --- antioxidants --- cancer --- diabetes --- cardiovascular diseases --- skin disorders --- free radicals --- spectrophotometer --- limitations --- chemical reactions --- colorimetry --- anthraquinone --- free radical scavenging --- inflammatory cytokines --- apoptosis --- Rumex crispus --- skins --- seeds --- Vitis vinifera --- cyclic voltammetry --- anthocyanin metabolites --- cardioprotection --- hepatoprotection --- nephroprotection --- neuroprotection --- antioxidant peptides --- element of pork carcasses --- spectrometric analysis --- ascorbate --- ascorbate–glutathione cycle --- capsaicin --- catalase --- dihydrocapsaicin --- NADP-dehydrogenases --- superoxide dismutase --- red cabbage --- in vitro gastrointestinal digestion --- acid-resistant capsule --- UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS --- apples --- reducing and chelating capacity --- HPLC–DAD–MS/MS --- Dillenia indica --- heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) --- nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) --- RAW 264.7 cells --- apo-carotenals --- bone --- osteoclasts --- NFκB --- synergy --- n/a --- ascorbate-glutathione cycle --- HPLC-DAD-MS/MS

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