Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This open access book provides insights into the novel Locally Refined B-spline (LR B-spline) surface format, which is suited for representing terrain and seabed data in a compact way. It provides an alternative to the well know raster and triangulated surface representations. An LR B-spline surface has an overall smooth behavior and allows the modeling of local details with only a limited growth in data volume. In regions where many data points belong to the same smooth area, LR B-splines allow a very lean representation of the shape by locally adapting the resolution of the spline space to the size and local shape variations of the region. The iterative method can be modified to improve the accuracy in particular domains of a point cloud. The use of statistical information criterion can help determining the optimal threshold, the number of iterations to perform as well as some parameters of the underlying mathematical functions (degree of the splines, parameter representation). The resulting surfaces are well suited for analysis and computing secondary information such as contour curves and minimum and maximum points. Also deformation analysis are potential applications of fitting point clouds with LR B-splines.

Information technology: general issues --- Geography --- Numerical analysis --- Mathematical & statistical software --- Surface Modeling --- Optimum Point Cloud Approximation --- Akaike Information Criterion --- LR B-Splines --- Contour Curves Determination --- Deformation Analysis --- Bathymetry data

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Coal mining continues to make advances, especially in the areas of safety and environmental protection as a result of mining. This book contains nine peer-reviewed articles on green coal mining that address most of the important issues associated with improving coal mining. These issues include the protection of water above coal mines, both surface and ground water, and the subsidence that occurs during and after mining with methods to limit it and methods of rehabilitation. Additional issues include mine entry and production area support and methods to control gas emissions.

decision making --- management --- mines --- multi-criteria analysis --- project --- risk --- restoration --- coal gangue --- geopolymer --- mechanical activation --- thermal activation --- mechanical property --- microstructure --- water protection --- water-conservation coal mining (WCCM) --- influencing factors --- “five maps --- three zones --- and two zoning plans” --- water conductive fractured zone (WCFZ) --- acoustic emission (AE) --- coal --- deep mining --- mining layouts --- lignite --- reclamation --- rehabilitation --- land use --- decision-making --- optimisation --- sustainability --- longwall coal mining --- ground control --- subsidence --- uplift --- surface movement --- radar-interferometry --- long-term behavior --- sustainable mining --- Belgium --- foamed concrete --- orthogonal experiment --- optimum mix --- coal mine goaf --- gas isolation --- longwall mining --- weak geological condition --- gate-entry stability --- remaining coal thickness --- wooden cribs --- gangue --- load-displacement characteristics --- pressure-compressibility characteristics

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Water scarcity is a critical issue for agriculture, and, hence, efficient management and conservation practices for agricultural water use are essential for adapting to and mitigating the impacts of current and future discrepancy between water supplies and water demands. This Special Issue focuses on “Agricultural Water Conservation: Tools, Strategies, and Practices”, which aims to bring together a collection of recent cutting-edge research and advancements in agricultural water conservation. The Special Issue intends to give a broad overview focusing on on-farm water conservation practices, advanced irrigation tools and water technologies, and the best management practices and strategies for efficient water use in agriculture.

Research. --- Biology. --- Technology. --- Engineering. --- Agriculture. --- irrigation --- groundwater --- alluvial aquifer --- water conservation adoption --- row crops --- Mississippi Delta --- precision agriculture --- Lower Mississippi River Valley --- clogging --- drip irrigation --- emitter --- hydrocyclone --- digestate liquid fraction --- wastewater --- salinity --- environments --- AquaCrop model --- water productivity --- scenarios --- tolerant --- Colorado River Basin --- drought --- irrigation management strategy --- water deficit --- optimum water use --- forage --- BEARS --- bushland --- climate --- evapotranspiration --- groundwater management --- irrigation water management --- Ogallala aquifer region --- remote sensing --- lysimeter ET assessment --- water-use efficiency --- analytical formula --- efficient design --- application efficiency --- gravity irrigation --- solar MajiPump --- water and crop productivity --- small-scale irrigation --- conservation agriculture --- Ethiopia --- sensible and latent heat fluxes --- surface renewal method --- tea plantation --- eddy covariance --- squash --- partial root drying --- water use efficiency --- soil mulch --- growing seasons --- gas exchange --- fruit quality --- Asparagus officinalis L. --- cultivars --- spears yield --- sandy soil --- water requirements --- IWUE --- autonomous landscape irrigation --- Hargreaves and Samani evapotranspiration model --- water conservation --- smart controller --- n/a

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This book includes 13 papers published in Special Issue ("Visual and Camera Sensors") of the journal Sensors. The goal of this Special Issue was to invite high-quality, state-of-the-art research papers dealing with challenging issues in visual and camera sensors.

self-assembly device --- 3D point clouds --- accuracy analysis --- VSLAM-photogrammetric algorithm --- portable mobile mapping system --- low-cost device --- BIM --- camera calibration --- DLT --- PnP --- weighted DLT --- uncertainty --- covariance --- robustness --- visual-inertial --- semi-direct SLAM --- multi-sensor fusion --- side-rear-view monitoring system --- automatic online calibration --- Hough-space --- unmanned aerial vehicle --- autonomous landing --- deep-learning-based motion deblurring and marker detection --- network slimming --- pruning model --- convolutional neural network --- convolutional filter --- classification --- multimodal human recognition --- blur image restoration --- DeblurGAN --- CNN --- facial expression recognition system --- computer vision --- multi-scale featured local binary pattern --- unsharp masking --- machine learning --- lens distortion --- DoF-dependent --- distortion partition --- vision measurement --- pathological site classification --- in vivo endoscopy --- computer-aided diagnosis --- artificial intelligence --- ensemble learning --- convolutional auto-encoders --- local image patch --- point pair feature --- plank recognition --- robotic grasping --- flying object detection --- drone --- image processing --- camera networks --- open-pit mine slope monitoring --- optimum deployment --- close range photogrammetry --- three-dimensional reconstruction --- OCD4M

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The tendency for climate to change has been one of the most surprising outcomes of the study of Earth's history. Marine geoscience can reveal valuable information about past environments, climates, and biota just before, during and after each climate perturbation. Particularly, certain intervals of geological records are windows to key episodes in the climate history of the Earth–life system. Ιn this regard, the detailed analyses of such time intervals are challenging and rewarding for environmental reconstruction and climate modelling, because they provide documentation and better understanding of a warmer-than-present world, and opportunities to test and refine the predictive ability of climate models. Marine geological dynamics such as sea-level changes, hydrographic parameters, water quality, sedimentary cyclicity, and (paleo)climate are strongly related through a direct exchange between the oceanographic and atmospheric systems. The increasing attention paid to this wide topic is also motivated by the interplay of these processes across a variety of settings (coastal to open marine) and timescales (early Cenozoic to modern). In order to realize the full predictive value of these warm (fresh)/cold (salty) intervals in Earth's history, it is important to have reliable tools (e.g., integrated geochemical, paleontological and/or paleoceanographic proxies) through the application of multiple, independent, and novel techniques (e.g., TEX86, UK’37, Mg/Ca, Na/Ca, Δ47, and μCT) for providing reliable hydroclimate reconstructions at both local and global scales.

microfacies types --- Pantokrator Limestones --- Vigla Formation --- Senonian calciturbidites --- Eocene brecciated limestones --- carbonate porosity --- petroleum prospectivity --- stratigraphic correlations --- marine biogenic carbonates --- depositional environment --- paleoceanographic evolution --- planktonic foraminifera --- pteropods --- stable isotopes --- sea surface temperature (SST) --- stratification --- productivity --- sapropel S1 --- Aegean Sea --- Late Quaternary --- shell weight --- climate variability --- sea surface density --- carbonate production --- X-ray microscopy (μCT) --- δ18O and Mg/Ca analyses --- offshore groundwater exploration --- coastal aquifers --- salt-/fresh-water relationship --- Mediterranean Sea --- Attica-Greece --- cleaning protocol --- unconsolidated core sediments --- climate reconstruction --- synchrotron X-ray microtomography (SμCT) --- foraminiferal-based proxies --- BTEX natural attenuation --- hydro-stratigraphy --- multi-layered aquifer --- Thriassion Plain --- confined and unconfined aquifer --- coastal aquifer --- Gulf of Eleusis --- ocean paleodensity --- Atlantic Meridional Circulation (AMOC) --- planktonic foraminiferal biogeography --- surface sediments --- morphometrics --- shell size --- environmental biomonitoring --- ecological optimum conditions --- primary productivity --- depth habitat preference --- cryptic speciation --- central Mediterranean hydrodynamics --- sea level fluctuations --- soluble substances --- coastal environment change --- diatom --- geochemical elements --- n/a