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Hydrogen has been an important feedstock for various industries, and its global market is already valued at hundreds of billions of dollars per year. It is also playing additional roles as a clean alternative energy carrier for power generation and as a crucial feedstock in the bioeconomy. This Special Issue “Hydrogen Production Technologies” highlights different thermochemical, electrochemical, and biological technologies such as high- and low-temperature electrolyzers, microchannel reactors, sorption-enhanced reactors, multi-tubular solar reactors, and anaerobic digestors. It also covers other aspects ranging from reactor design, hydrogen storage, and process analysis of different alternatives.

algae --- anaerobic digestion --- biogas --- biohydrogen --- energy assessment --- kinetic models --- microwave --- nanoparticles --- pretreatment --- solar reactor --- hydrogen production --- solar receiver --- thermal energy --- computational fluid dynamics --- CFD --- model --- titanium nitride --- stainless steel --- alkaline electrolysis --- energy storage --- hydrogen energy --- solid-state hydrogen storage --- unitized regenerative fuel cell --- multi- walled carbon nanotube --- proton battery --- pyrolytic oil hydro-processing --- process modeling --- syngas --- gasification --- sorption-enhanced water–gas shift --- multi-functional material --- hydrogen production processes --- economic viability --- environmental efficiency --- sustainable energy --- multi-criteria analysis --- thermochemical cycles --- micro-channel reactor --- ceria --- ceria-zirconia --- water splitting --- oxygen carrier --- solid oxide electrolysis cells --- sintering additive --- CuO --- steam electrolysis --- compact reactor --- ethanol steam reforming --- water gas shift --- n/a --- sorption-enhanced water-gas shift

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Forests cover 30% of the Earth’s land area, or nearly four billion hectares. Enhancing the benefits and ecosystem services of forests has been increasingly recognized as an essential part of nature-based solutions for solving many emerging global environmental problems today. A core science supporting forest management is understanding the interactions of forests, water, and people. These interactions have become increasingly complex under climate change and its associated impacts, such as the increases in the intensity and frequency of drought and floods, increasing population and deforestation, and a rise in global demands for multiple ecosystem services including clean water supply and carbon sequestration. Forest watershed managers have recognized that water management is an essential component of forest management. Global environmental change is posing more challenges for managing forests and water toward sustainable development. New science on forest and water is critically needed across the globe. The International Forests and Water Conference 2018, Valdivia, Chile (http://forestsandwater2018.cl/), a joint effort of the 5th IUFRO International Conference on Forests and Water in a Changing Environment and the Second Latin American Conference on Forests and Water provided a unique forum to examine forest and water issues in Latin America under a global context. This book represents a collection of some of the peer-reviewed papers presented at the conference that were published in a Special Issue of Forests.

social capital --- Cambodia --- forest and water policy --- land use and land cover change --- shrubland --- “Forests to Faucets” --- precipitation gradient --- forest ecosystem management --- afforestation --- connectivity --- land use change --- forest operations --- Chile --- catchment management --- forest plantation --- climate change --- compound wildfire-water risk --- native forest --- hydrology --- wetland --- streamside native buffer --- sustainability --- participatory monitoring --- hydrological modeling --- timber harvesting --- water quality --- native forests --- source water protection --- global change --- forest hydrology --- community drinking-water --- SDGs --- drinking-water security --- Oregon --- forest --- aquatic-riparian ecosystems --- NDC --- heat: moisture index --- watershed management --- load --- Rhyacotriton --- ecohydrology --- nutrient concentrations --- multi-criteria analysis --- Loess Plateau --- dissolved organic matter --- US Pacific Northwest --- soil moisture --- agricultural lands --- water management --- water provision --- water supply --- forests --- post-fire hydrology --- grassland --- forest plantations --- restoration strategy --- riparian buffer zones --- Mekong --- riparian vegetation --- density management harvest --- SWAT model --- forest watersheds --- water governance --- Nenjiang River --- forestry --- ecosystem services

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In recent years, bioeconomy strategies have been implemented and adapted internationally. In the bioeconomy, materials are to a certain extent circular by nature. However, biomaterials may also be used in a rather linear way. Lately, a transition towards a circular economy, a more restorative and regenerative economic model, is being promoted worldwide. A circular economy offers an alternative model aiming at “doing more and better with less”. It is based on the idea that circulating matter and energy will diminish the need for new input. Its concept lies in maintaining the value of products, materials, and resources for as long as possible and at the same time minimizing or even eliminating the amount of waste produced. Focused on “closing the loops”, a circular economy is a practical solution for promoting entrepreneurial sustainability, economic growth, environmental resilience, and a better quality of life for all. The most efficient way to close resource loops is to find value in the waste. Different modes of resource circulation may be applied, e.g., raw materials, by-products, human resources, logistics, services, waste, energy, or water. To that end, this Special Issue seeks to contribute to the circular bioeconomy agenda through enhanced scientific and multidisciplinary knowledge to boost the performance efficiency of circular business models and support decision-making within the specific field. The Special Issue includes innovative technical developments, reviews, and case studies, all of which are relevant to green, closed-loop, circular bioeconomy.

bioeconomy --- survey --- strategies --- research program --- biogas --- lignocellulose --- microalgae --- agricultural sustainability --- sustainability assessment --- review --- ammonia loss --- land application --- manure management --- irrigation --- biofuels --- spatial difference-in-difference --- corn markets --- climate change adaptation --- transformative adaptation --- limits to adaptation --- adaptation barrier --- fuzzy cognitive maps --- resilience --- sustainability --- vulnerability --- Sundarbans --- circular economy --- sustainable socio-economic development --- quality of life --- poverty alleviation --- participatory modelling --- ordered weighted averaging --- aggregation --- reflectance spectroscopy --- soil spectral libraries --- VNIR-SWIR --- soil organic matter --- carbon sequestration --- forestry --- wood --- non-wood forest products --- developing world --- rural electrification --- Sub-Saharan Africa --- energy --- agriculture --- machine learning --- artificial neural networks --- natural gas --- demand forecasting --- indicators --- investments’ sustainability --- multi-criteria analysis --- decision support --- ELECTRE III --- coronavirus --- occupational health and safety --- food security --- control measures --- systemic design --- rice --- wine --- value chains --- by-products --- n/a --- investments' sustainability

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The immediate goal of this Special Issue was the characterization of land uses and occupations (LULC) in watersheds and the assessment of impacts caused by anthropogenic activities. The goal was immediate because the ultimate purpose was to help bring disturbed watersheds to a better condition or a utopian sustainable status. The steps followed to attain this objective included publishing studies on the understanding of factors and variables that control hydrology and water quality changes in response to human activities. Following this first step, the Special Issue selected work that described adaption measures capable of improving the watershed condition (water availability and quality), namely LULC conversions (e.g., monocultures into agro-forestry systems). Concerning the LULC measures, however, efficacy was questioned unless supported by public programs that force consumers to participate in concomitant costs, because conversions may be viewed as an environmental service.

flood vulnerability --- land use conflicts --- water management --- soil conservation --- spatial multi-criteria analysis --- geographic information system --- water pollution --- riparian forest --- environmental Law --- anthropogenic catchment --- watershed management --- land use policy --- changes in hydrological components --- effects of human activities --- LUCC --- WRUBAP --- Yiluo River --- SWAT --- water balance components --- Land Use and Land Cover changes --- wildfires --- afforestation --- n/a --- riparian buffer width --- landscape composition --- regression model --- interaction term --- Brazilian Forest Code --- farmland abandonment --- LULC changes --- climate change --- runoff/suspended sediment changes --- river morphology dynamics --- Italian Apennines --- water quality --- landscape metrics --- PLS-SEM --- scale --- season --- distance from pollution sources --- script files --- mean diurnal profile --- wavelet coherence --- groundwater recharge --- water resources management --- Conservative Use Potential --- river basin --- water balance --- lakes --- reservoirs --- Nenjiang watershed --- Landsat --- diurnal thermal profile --- urban tributaries --- wavelet --- covariance --- flow --- water discharge ecosystem services --- payments for environmental services --- land use

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This book is dedicated to urbanization, which is observed every day, as well as the methods and techniques of monitoring and analyzing this phenomenon. In the 21st century, urbanization has gained momentum, and the awareness of the significance and influence of this phenomenon on our lives make us take a closer look at it not only with curiosity, but also great attention. There are numerous reasons for this, among which the economy is of special significance, but it also has many results, namely, economic, social, and environmental. First of all, it is a spatial phenomenon, as all of the aspects can be placed in space. We would therefore like to draw special attention to the results of urbanization seen on the Earth's surface and in the surrounding space. The urbanization–land relation seems obvious, but is also interesting and multi-layered. The development of science and technology provides a lot of new tools for observing urbanization, as well as the analyses and inference of the phenomenon in space. This book is devoted to in-depth analysis of past, present and future urbanization processes all over the world. We present the latest trends of research that use experience in the widely understood geography of the area. This book is focused on multidisciplinary phenomenon, i.e., urbanization, with the use of the satellite and photogrammetric observation technologies and GIS analyses.

footbridge --- urbanization --- functions of pedestrian bridges --- Trabzon --- urban expansion --- concentric-ring analysis --- grid-based analysis --- invers S curve --- Latin America --- transport accessibility --- real estate market --- population --- concentration --- urban sprawl --- land use --- urbanisation --- leapfrog development --- scattered development --- sustainable spatial–traffic planning --- microsimulation traffic modeling --- AHP --- multi-criteria analysis --- sensitivity analysis --- stakeholders’ preferences --- public participation --- Landsat --- CA–Markov model --- SDG 11 --- urban sustainable development --- metropolitan expansion --- per-capita urban area --- per-capita cropland --- land mismatch --- Italy --- Slow City --- small towns --- spatial structure --- sustainable development --- old market square --- historical urban layout --- dynamics of urbanisation --- methods for mapping --- innovation value chain --- Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) --- innovation efficiency --- urban agglomerations --- land management --- land-use conflicts --- components of space --- spatial analysis --- GIS tools --- Great Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan City Group --- green innovation --- network structure --- unexpected output SBM model --- megaregion --- spatiotemporal patterns --- driving forces --- the Texas Triangle --- land-use change --- metropolitan gradient --- spatial econometrics --- agricultural mechanization --- Mediterranean --- n/a --- sustainable spatial-traffic planning --- stakeholders' preferences --- CA-Markov model --- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA)