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Coastal wetlands such as mangrove forests and saltmarshes provide a range of important benefits to people, broadly defined as ecosystem services. These include provisioning services such as fuelwood and food, regulating services such as carbon sequestration and wave attenuation, and various tangible and intangible cultural services. However, strong negative perceptions of coastal wetlands also exist, often driven by the perceived or actual ecosystem disservices that they also produce. These can include odour, a sense of danger, and their real or perceived role in vector and disease transmission (e.g., malaria). This review provides an introduction to the ecosystem services and disservices concepts, and highlights the broad range of services and disservices provided by mangrove forests and saltmarshes. Importantly, we discuss the key implications of ecosystem services and disservices for the management of these important coastal ecosystems. Ultimately, a clear binary does not exist between ecosystem services and disservices; an ecosystem service to one stakeholder can be viewed as a disservice to another, or a service can change seasonally into a disservice, and vice versa. It is not enough to only consider the beneficial ecosystem services that coastal wetlands provide: instead, we need to provide a balanced view of coastal wetlands that incorporates the complexities that exist in how humans relate to and interact with these important coastal ecosystems.

Marine biology.

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This book represents the first monograph on the philosopher, economist and sociologist Emil Lederer (1882-1939). Director of the Archiv für Sozialwissenschaft und Sozialpolitik from 1922 to 1933, he was then forced to move to the United States to avoid persecution as a Jew (despite his conversion to Catholicism in 1908) and a socialist. There he became the Dean of the so-called 'University in Exile' at the New School for Social Research in New York. After sketching an updated picture of his intellectual biography and of the reception of his major works, the volume focuses on the issue of political order, and notably on the relationship between State and society. Before the outbreak of the First World War, Lederer was confident of being able to find a composition between State and the plurality of society, relying on the mediation skills of the middle classes. The First World War put in evidence certain contradictions of the modern liberal state that were intrinsic in its very origins; the State proves to be able to lose its connection with the structural plurality of society, becoming an abstract organisation, in Lederer's words rising definitively to the status of an 'abstract sovereignty'. This paves the way for the possibility of conceiving a political order no longer based on the connection between society and State, as in the liberal and constitutional tradition, but on a direct relationship between the leader and the masses. Such a relationship relies on the former's continuous ability to activate the emotions of the masses, and has no need for the internal reasoning typical of the dialectic between society and political institutions. According to Lederer, this will be the hallmark of the totalitarian State, analysed in his last, unfinished book, State of the masses (1939).

Marine biology

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Marine algae.

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As a result of our call in 2014 for submissions to a Special Issue, Advances in Marine Chitin and Chitosan in Marine Drugs, we are now pleased to tell you that this issue has been published. Twenty high class papers were included in this issue, which we now plan to publish as a book. In addition we now seek to publish a further Special Issue, Advances in Marine Chitin and Chitosan II, 2017, in Marine Drugs. As before, we plan to produce a strong, very exciting issue that will encompass breakthroughs in high value, scientific and industrial chitin and chitosan research. Despite significant advances in chitin and chitosan research since the 1970s, current overviews in recent publications involving chitin and chitosan research advances need reporting.

Marine biology.

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Selected studies focussing on various aspects of the evaluation of marine larval settlement on both natural and artificial surfaces, including those on pro-fouling and anti-fouling systems, have been collected for advancing our understanding of larvae-surface interactions. Biofouling is a large problem worldwide since it often causes severe damage to submerged structures, but it also leads to the formation of a well-structured community on natural hard substrata characterised by ecological succession and can be considered an important source of biodiversity. Therefore, the influence of a substratum's physico-chemical interactions on the settlement of various organisms of the macrofouling community represents an essential factor in choosing an appropriate artificial surface for application in a variety of coastal marine ecosystems. This reprint will certainly be greatly beneficial with respect to addressing the challenges of future innovative eco-engineering designs, yielding the best solutions for industrial biofouling protection and coastal ecosystem preservation.

Marine ecology. --- Marine ecosystem management.