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Book
Magnesium and Microelements in Older Persons
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Year: 2021 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

In recent years, the interest in magnesium and in microelements in older people has exponentially increased. The deficiency of either magnesium and microelements, in fact, is associated with several negative outcomes in older people. Therefore, in this book, we decided to report the most novel and important research findings regarding these important topics. In particular, authoritative authors in the field of nutritional research in older people reported their experience in magnesium research, including articles on metabolic and cardiovascular aspects of magnesium deficiency. Moreover, we speculated the importance of magnesium in infectious diseases, including COVID-19. In this book, we also report some important findings regarding other microelements, such as iron and sodium or potassium, extremely important in older people.


Book
Chromatography-the Ultimate Analytical Tool
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Year: 2022 Publisher: Basel MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Since its early introduction by the Russian botanist Mikhail Semyonovich Tsvet, chromatography has been undoubtedly the most powerful analytical tool in analytical chemistry. Separation, qualitative analysis, and quantitative analysis can be achieved by choosing the right conditions. Thus, numerous gas chromatographic, liquid chromatographic, and supercritical fluid chromatographic methods have been developed and applied for most types of samples and most kinds of analytes. Additionally, older varieties such as paper chromatography and thin-layer chromatography were pioneer analytical techniques in many laboratories. Especially when hyphenated to spectrometric techniques, chromatography also allows the identification of separated analytes in a single run. Highly sophisticated equipment can answer all analytical problems very quickly. Chromatographers cooperate with many scientific fields and give their lights to medical doctors, veterinarians, food scientists, biologists, dentists, archaeologists, etc. In this Special Issue, analytical chemists were invited to prove that chromatography-based separation techniques are the ultimate analytical tool and their significant contribution is reflected in ten interesting articles.


Book
Marine Biotoxins and Seafood Poisoning
Authors: --- ---
ISBN: 3039218190 3039218182 Year: 2019 Publisher: MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Marine biotoxins may pose a threat to the human consumption of seafood and seafood products. The increasing global trade and higher demand for seafood products worldwide represents a challenge for food safety authorities, policy makers, food business operators, and the scientific community, in particular, researchers devoted to environmental sciences, toxicology, and analytical chemistry. In addition, due to changes in climate conditions and technological developments, new and emerging marine toxins are being detected in regions where they were previously unknown. This Special Issue highlight studies aiming to the develop detection methods for marine biotoxins for better understanding the dynamics of accumulation/elimination of marine biotoxins and their effects on marine organisms, as well as toxin exposure studies that aim to evaluate the risks associated with the consumption of contaminated seafood.


Book
Environmental Fate of Emerging Organic Micro-Contaminants
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ISBN: 3039213687 3039213679 Year: 2019 Publisher: MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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The toxicity and fate of pharmaceuticals and other emerging micro-organic contaminants in the natural and built environments have been the focus of much research over the last twenty years. Particular focus has recently centred on the fate of antimicrobial chemicals, including antibiotics and antifungals. The occurrence of such chemicals in the environment is thought to contribute to the selection of resistance in exposed microorganisms.This Special Issue (SI) brings together a broad range of recent advances in the field of emerging micro-organic contaminants, ranging from medicinal contaminants to industrial chemicals in the environment. Notably, these range from chemical extraction and large-scale analysis to adverse effects on non-target aquatic organisms and potential risk to humans via contaminated foodstuffs. Additionally, this Special Issue also presents novel contaminant treatment/degradation methods of both physical and biological nature.


Book
Solid Phase Extraction: State of the Art and Future Perspectives
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ISBN: 3039211595 3039211587 Year: 2019 Publisher: MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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This book is a collection of 13 innovative papers describing the state of the art and the future perspectives in solid-phase extraction covering several analytical fields prior to the use of gas or liquid chromatographic analysis. New sorptive materials are presented including carbon nanohorn suprastructures on paper support, melamine sponge functionalized with urea–formaldehyde co-oligomers, chiral metal–organic frameworks, UiO-66-based metal–organic frameworks, and fabric phase sorptive media for various applications. Solid-phase extraction can be applied in several formats aside from the conventional cartridges or mini-column approach, e.g., online solid-phase extraction, dispersive solid-phase microextraction, and in-syringe micro-solid-phase extraction can be very helpful for analyte pre-concentration and sample clean-up. Polycyclic musks in aqueous samples, 8-Nitroguanine in DNA by chemical derivatization antibacterial diterpenes from the roots of salvia prattii, perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in aater samples by bamboo charcoal-based SPE, parabens in environmental water samples, benzotriazoles as environmental pollutants, organochlorine pesticide residues in various fruit juices and water samples and synthetic peptide purification are among the applications cited in this collection. All these outstanding contributions highlight the necessity of this analytical step, present the advantages and disadvantages of each method and focus on the green analytical chemistry guidelines that have to be fulfilled in current analytical practices.


Book
Drug metabolism, pharmacokinetics and bioanalysis
Authors: ---
ISBN: 3038979171 3038979163 Year: 2019 Publisher: MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Drug metabolism/pharmacokinetics and drug interaction studies have been extensively carried out in order to secure the druggability and safety of new chemical entities throughout the development of new drugs. Recently, drug metabolism and transport by phase II drug metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters, respectively, as well as phase I drug metabolizing enzymes, have been studied. A combination of biochemical advances in the function and regulation of drug metabolizing enzymes and automated analytical technologies are revolutionizing drug metabolism research. There are also potential drug–drug interactions with co-administered drugs due to inhibition and/or induction of drug metabolic enzymes and drug transporters. In addition, drug interaction studies have been actively performed to develop substrate cocktails that do not interfere with each other and a simultaneous analytical method of substrate drugs and their metabolites using a tandem mass spectrometer. This Special Issue has the aim of highlighting current progress in drug metabolism/pharmacokinetics, drug interactions, and bioanalysis.


Book
Advances of Accurate Quantification Methods in Food Analysis
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ISBN: 3036558446 3036558438 Year: 2022 Publisher: Basel MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Food safety is a matter of great significance for the global population. Therefore, researchers have been developing and validating analytical methods to extract, separate and quantitate a variety of hazardous and nutritional analytes in various food commodities. Due to the complexity of food components, a suitable pretreatment method is required to eliminate matrix effects and lower the detection limit. Afterward, chromatography and mass spectrometry are powerful tools in the guarantee of food safety and quality. This book is the reprint of a Special Issue of Separations, “Advances of Accurate Quantification Methods in Food Analysis”, and provides an overview of recent trends in food analytical methods. Both novel sample pretreatment and detection techniques are covered, with the aim of accurate quantification. This Special Issue received nine contributions that covered the latest analytical methods, and focused on pesticides, mycotoxin, antibiotics, metal ions, organic selenium and anthocyanins.


Book
Diets, Foods and Food Components Effect on Dyslipidemia
Authors: --- ---
Year: 2021 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Dyslipidemia, and particularly hypercholesterolemia, remains a main cardiovascular disease risk factor, partly reversible with the improvement of life-style, including dietary, habits. Even when a pharmacological treatment is begun, dietary support to lipid-lowering is always desired. This book will provide a selection of new evidence on the possible lipid-lowering effects of some dietary and medicinal plant components, reporting some interesting reviews, experimental data and results from clinical trials. The book is adapted for experts in nutrition but also for all scientists involved in cardiovascular disease prevention.

Keywords

beta-glucan --- fiber --- lipid profile --- cholesterol --- intestinal function --- green tea --- epigallocatechin gallate --- chitosan --- microspheres --- Eudragit --- metabolic diseases --- LCD score --- CHNS --- dyslipidemia --- dietary factor --- plant based --- animal based --- Chinese adults --- nutraceuticals --- PCSK9 --- SREBP --- HNF1α --- berberine --- metabolic syndrome --- plant extracts --- natural antioxidant --- polyphenols --- bergamot --- blackcurrant --- liver steatosis --- ovariectomized --- phytoestrogen --- vitamin B12 --- healthy --- Saudi Arabia --- serum cholesterol --- serum triglycerides --- serum low density lipoprotein --- serum high density lipoprotein --- dietary intake --- lifestyle --- black raspberry --- excessive choline --- TMAO --- hypercholesterolemia --- hepatic inflammation --- review --- CVD --- cardiovascular health --- dietary fats --- dietary fiber --- phytosterols --- plant-based diet --- dietary pattern --- sustainability --- propolis --- formononetin --- gastric ulcer --- rats --- Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat leaves --- obesity --- lipidomics --- liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry --- phospholipid --- sphingolipid --- monacolins --- LDL-cholesterol --- red yeast rice --- clinical trial --- endothelial function --- alpha-linolenic acid --- flaxseed --- lipids --- omega-3 --- walnuts --- type 2 diabetes mellitus --- glibenclamide --- omega-3 fatty acids --- high fat diet --- transcription factors --- streptozotocin --- Armolipid Plus® --- nutraceutical --- supplementation --- blood pressure --- fasting plasma glucose --- n/a


Book
Detection of Residual Pesticides in Foods
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Year: 2022 Publisher: Basel MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Pesticides are used worldwide, and despite the fact that organic farming is increasing, they are still widely applied in different countries with pesticide regulations and monitoring programs. This Special Issue will cover the topic of the presence of pesticide residues in food, paying special attention to the use of modern analytical techniques based on chromatographic techniques coupled to mass spectrometry. Generic extraction methods are needed to allow the detection of pesticides with different physic-chemical properties, as well as different families of contaminants can be extracted simultaneously. Nevertheless, pluriresidue methods are still necessary for “orphan” compounds that cannot be included in multiresidue methods. Thus, in addition to targeted pesticides, the scope of this analysis can be increased and nowadays, metabolites are also detected, evaluating the degradation of pesticide residues in different food matrices.


Book
Peptides for Health Benefits 2019 : Volume 1
Authors: ---
Year: 2020 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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In recent years, peptides have received increased interest from the pharmaceutical industry. The high potency, specificity, and safety profile are the main strengths of bioactive peptides as new and promising therapies that may fill the gap between small molecules and protein drugs. These positive attributes have renewed interest in the discovery, optimization, and development of peptides as pharmacological therapy. Among bioactive peptides, those released from food sources have acquired importance as nutraceutical and active components in functional foods because they possess regulatory functions that can lead to health benefits. This Special Issue covers a selection of recent research papers and reviews in the field of bioactive peptides. It covers all aspects of peptide research in relation to health promotion. In particular, it emphasizes current knowledge and research trends concerning bioactive peptides, including identification and quantification of peptides from new sources, methods for their production and purification, structure–function relationships, mechanisms of action, in vitro and in vivo assays for the evaluation of their bioactivity, physiological evidence to support health benefits, and peptide stability and bioavailability. Papers regarding the development of new drugs, functional foods, or nutraceuticals based on bioactive peptides were also considered.

Keywords

antihypertensive peptides --- functional food --- food-derived --- fermentation --- Chlorella sorokiniana --- in silico --- BIOPEP-UWM database --- proteomics --- bioactive peptides --- nano liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (nanoLC–nanoESI MS/MS) --- apolipoprotein E --- amyloid fibrils --- Alzheimer’s disease --- Αβ oligomer --- amyloid --- Aβ peptide --- glioma --- platelets --- antiproliferative assay --- conjugation --- docetaxel --- doxorubicin --- extra domain B --- fibronectin --- Fmoc/tBu --- peptide–drug conjugate --- prostate cancer --- solid-phase synthesis --- targeting --- acrylamide --- enteric nervous system --- galanin --- pig --- stomach --- formyl peptide receptors --- ligands --- diseases --- polymicrobial biofilms --- intragenic antimicrobial peptide --- Hs02 --- Pseudomonas aeruginosa --- Staphylococcus aureus --- osteostatin --- arthritis --- inflammation --- immune response --- cartilage destruction --- bone erosion --- collagen --- hydrolysis --- enzyme --- molecular weight --- sheepskin --- NF-κB --- dry-cured pork ham --- angiotensin I converting enzyme --- endothelial dysfunction --- molecular blind docking --- Lactoferricin B (Lfcin B) --- Histatin-5 --- antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) --- antifungal activity --- proteome microarray --- synergy --- temporin --- MRSA --- antimicrobial peptide --- human keratinocytes --- pseudin-2 --- antisepsis, peptide antibiotics --- neurotensin --- asthma --- T cells --- In situ tetramer staining --- MHC tetramer --- antigen-specific --- confocal microscopy --- fresh tissue --- velvet antler --- alcalase hydrolysate --- antioxidant peptide --- protection ability --- oxidative stress --- Crassostrea angulata --- pidotimod --- CXCR3 --- monocyte --- migration --- PI3K/Akt pathway --- T cell --- immunomodulant --- host defense peptides --- membrane activity --- copper --- piscidins --- Clostridioides difficile --- prolactin-releasing peptide --- GPR10 --- RF-amide peptides --- food intake regulation --- energy expenditure --- neuroprotection --- signaling --- gender differences --- dyslipidemia --- obesity --- hyperglycemia --- pulmonary emphysema --- endothelial progenitor cells --- angiogenic precursor cells --- pegylated glucagon-like peptide 1 --- and endothelial regeneration --- miiuy croaker (Miichthys miiuy) --- swim bladder --- FPYLRH --- antioxidant activity --- cytoprotective effect --- antimicrobial peptides --- antimicrobial resistance --- AMP identification and design --- biosynthesis --- mode of action --- physico-chemical properties --- therapeutic potential --- insects --- Cecropins --- Cec-analogs --- MDR infectious diseases --- airway inflammation --- non-atopic asthma --- hybrid peptide --- pro-inflammatory cytokines --- sPLA2 --- MDA --- database --- proteolysis --- SMILES code --- foods --- nutrition --- chronic diseases --- nutraceuticals --- peptide vaccine --- immune checkpoint inhibitor --- humanized mouse --- cancer antigen --- immune suppression --- vasoactive intestinal peptide --- VPAC1 receptor --- VPAC2 receptor --- rheumatic diseases --- inflammatory bowel disease --- central nervous system diseases --- type 1 diabetes --- Sjögren’s syndrome --- biomarkers --- human antimicrobial peptides --- defensins --- cathelicidins --- anti-inflammatory --- pro-inflammatory --- peptide --- combinatorial library --- library design --- screening --- mutagenesis --- prolyl-hydroxyproline (Pro-Hyp) --- hydroxyprolyl-glycine (Hyp-Gly) --- collagen peptide --- fibroblasts --- fetal bovine serum (FBS) --- AMD --- CNV --- VEGFR1 --- multimeric peptides --- oral delivery --- colorectal cancer --- cancer stem cells --- chemoprevention --- bioactive peptide --- lunasin --- ACE-inhibitory activity --- whey peptides --- molecular docking --- hypertension --- antibiotic resistance --- cystic fibrosis --- cryptides --- anti-biofilm peptides --- synergistic effects --- n/a --- nano liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (nanoLC-nanoESI MS/MS) --- Alzheimer's disease --- peptide-drug conjugate --- Sjögren's syndrome

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