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Book
Marine lipids 2017
Authors: --- ---
ISBN: 3038428000 9783038428008 Year: 2018 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland : MDPI,

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Abstract

Marine organisms are a well-known source of lipids with high nutritional value, such as n-3 fatty acids (e.g., 20:5 and 22:6), but also possess bioactive properties (e.g., polar lipids as glycolipids and phospholipids). Polar lipids are considered high added value bioactive molecules with health promoting effects, and with potential applications in food, feed, and pharmaceutical industries. Although some polar lipids of marine organisms are known to have functional properties (e.g., anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, antioxidant and antimicrobial), the potential of these molecules is yet to be fully unravelled, as the lipidome of the majority of marine organisms remains largely unknown. Different marine organisms, even when closely related in the tree of life, display specific lipidome signatures, which are representative of the remarkable chemical biodiversity present in world oceans. Lipid composition can also change due to environmental and nutritional conditions. If one considers that each marine organism contains thousands of structurally and functionally diverse lipids, it is clear that the characterization of their lipidome is a challenging task. Nonetheless, in recent years, advanced analytical approaches coupling chromatography and mass spectrometry have emerged as powerful tools in lipidomic analysis. The resolution and high throughput analysis achieved with these analytical approaches has allowed researchers to identify and quantify the lipid species present on the cells and tissues of a diversity of marine organisms, opening new perspectives in the identification of lipid signatures for their valorisation and biotechnological applications.

Keywords

Lipids. --- Lipides --- Lipins --- Lipoids --- Biomolecules --- Steroids


Book
Lipid peroxidation
Authors: ---
ISBN: 9535142852 953510716X Year: 2012 Publisher: IntechOpen

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Abstract

The purpose of this book is to concentrate on recent developments on lipid peroxidation. The articles collected in this book are contributions by invited researchers with a long-standing experience in different research areas. We hope that the material presented here is understandable to a broad audience, not only scientists but also people with general background in many different biological sciences. This volume offers you up-to-date, expert reviews of the fast-moving field of Lipid Peroxidation. The book is divided in four mayor sections: 1-Lipid peroxidation: chemical mechanisms, antioxidants, biological implications; 2-Evaluation of lipid peroxidation processes; 3-Lipid peroxidation in vegetables, oils, plants and meats and 4-Lipid peroxidation in health and disease.


Book
Role of lipids in virus assembly
Authors: --- ---
ISBN: 9782889195824 Year: 2015 Publisher: Frontiers Media SA

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Abstract

RNA enveloped viruses comprise several families belonging to plus and minus strand RNA viruses, such as retroviruses, flavoviruses and orthomyxoviruses. Viruses utilize cellular lipids during critical steps of replication like entry, assembly and egress. Growing evidence indicate important roles for lipids and lipid nanodomains in virus assembly. This special topic covers key aspects of virus-membrane interactions during assembly and egress, especially those of retroviruses and Ebola virus (EBOV). Virus assembly and release involve specific and nonspecific interactions between viral proteins and membrane compartments. Retroviral Gag proteins assemble predominantly on the PM. Despite the great progress in identifying the factors that modulate retroviral Gag assembly on the PM, there are still gaps in our understanding of precise mechanisms of Gag-membrane interactions. Studies over the last two decades have focused on the mechanisms by which other retroviral Gag proteins interact with membranes during assembly. These include human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Rous sarcoma virus (RSV), equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV), Mason-Pfizer monkey virus (M-PMV), murine leukemia virus (MLV), and human T-lymphotropic virus type (HTLV-1). Additionally, assembly of filoviruses such as EBOV also occurs on the inner leaflet of the PM. The articles published under this special topic highlight the latest understanding of the role of membrane lipids during virus assembly, egress and release.


Book
Phospholipases: From Structure to Biological Function
Authors: ---
Year: 2022 Publisher: Basel MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

Phospholipases are a ubiquitous group of enzymes that hydrolyze ester bonds within membrane phospholipids. These enzymes serve multiple biological functions that go far beyond a mere membrane remodeling role in cellular homeostasis; they also play key functions in nutrient digestion and the regulated formation of bioactive lipids involved in cell signaling. It is to the latter function, critical to life, that this book is primarily concerned with. All the chapters are written by renowned experts in the area, and provide forefront information on the role phospholipases in a number of physiological and pathophysiological settings.

Keywords

inhibitor --- metabolic stability --- α-methylation --- oxoesters --- phospholipase A2 --- adrenic acid --- arachidonic acid --- mass spectrometry --- lipid signaling --- inflammation --- monocytes/macrophages --- crotoxin --- snake venom --- lung impairment --- inflammatory response --- lipid mediators --- neuromuscular blocker --- lipidomics --- PAP-2 --- autotaxin --- lysophosphatidate --- G protein-coupled receptor --- PLA2G6 --- fatty liver --- phospholipid remodeling --- diet-induced obesity --- morbidly obesity --- choline and methionine deficiency --- glioblastoma --- sphingolipid --- sphingosine-1-phosphate --- sphingomyelinase --- sphingomyelin --- metastasis --- phosphatidic acid --- diacylglycerol --- lipin --- signaling --- cPLA2α --- psoriasis --- proliferation --- anti-inflammatory --- atherosclerosis --- phospholipases --- macrophages --- T cells --- lipins --- pancreatic islets --- β-cells --- insulin secretion --- glucose tolerance --- insulin resistance --- group VIA phospholipase A2 --- fatty acid --- knockout mouse --- lipid mediator --- lysophospholipid --- membrane --- phospholipid --- ceramide --- acidic sphingomyelinase --- neutral sphingomyelinase --- hepatocellular carcinoma --- alcoholic and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis --- preadipocytes --- prostaglandins --- adipokines --- cytokines --- EP receptors --- Group V phospholipase A2 --- lipids --- majeed syndrome --- LPIN2 --- LIPIN2 --- chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis --- chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis --- autoinflammatory --- inflammasome --- macrophage --- osteoclast --- n/a

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