Listing 1 - 10 of 19 | << page >> |
Sort by
|
Choose an application
The general process of lipid peroxidation consists of three stages: initiation, propagation, and termination. The initiation phase of lipid peroxidation includes hydrogen atom abstraction. Several species can abstract the first hydrogen atom and include the radicals: hydroxyl, alkoxyl, peroxyl, and possibly HO* 2. The membrane lipids, mainly phospholipids, containing polyunsaturated fatty acids are predominantly susceptible to peroxidation because abstraction from a methylene group of a hydrogen atom, which contains only one electron, leaves at the back an unpaired electron on the carbon. The initial reaction of *OH with polyunsaturated fatty acids produces a lipid radical (L*), which in turn reacts with molecular oxygen to form a lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH). Further, the LOOH formed can suffer reductive cleavage by reduced metals, such as Fe++, producing lipid alkoxyl radical (LO*). Peroxidation of lipids can disturb the assembly of the membrane, causing changes in fluidity and permeability, alterations of ion transport and inhibition of metabolic processes. In addition, LOOH can break down, frequently in the presence of reduced metals or ascorbate, to reactive aldehyde products, including malondialdehyde (MDA), 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), 4-hydroxy-2-hexenal (4-HHE) and acrolein. Lipid peroxidation is one of the major outcomes of free radical-mediated injury to tissue mainly because it can greatly alter the physicochemical properties of membrane lipid bilayers, resulting in severe cellular dysfunction. In addition, a variety of lipid by-products are produced as a consequence of lipid peroxidation, some of which can exert beneficial biological effects under normal physiological conditions. Intensive research performed over the last decades have also revealed that by-products of lipid peroxidation are also involved in cellular signalling and transduction pathways under physiological conditions, and regulate a variety of cellular functions, including normal aging. In the present collection of articles, both aspects (adverse and benefitial) of lipid peroxidation are illustrated in different biological paradigms. We expect this eBook may encourage readers to expand the current knowledge on the complexity of physiological and pathophysiological roles of lipid peroxidation.
Choose an application
The history of science can teach modern men that our understanding of life is to a great extent based on the accuracy of the analytical methods that we use and, on our readiness to oppose dogmatic opinions, which are based on outdated methods and black/white approaches to the major questions raised by mankind in the past. The recent decades have brought a lot of new insights into the fundamentals of the active principles of reactive oxygen species that are necessary for living cells, but which also cause dangerous pathophysiological processes. Accordingly, although they were previously considered to be the most undesired toxic compounds generated as the final products of the oxidative degradation of lipids, reactive aldehydes are now considered to play important roles both in health and in major diseases. Represented mostly by 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), a substance discovered only fifty years ago, reactive aldehydes are the focus of research not only because of their toxicity but also because of their positive effects regulating the most important metabolic processes such as growth of living cells or the death of cells. Better understanding the interactions between reactive aldehydes and natural or synthetic antioxidant substances might eventually help us to better monitor, prevent and control modern diseases, thus building pillars for the development of the modern, multidisciplinary life sciences and integrative medicine of the 21st century.
free radicals --- lipids --- cell-based ELISA --- reactive aldehydes --- antioxidants --- fertility --- reactive oxygen species ROS --- human diseases --- lipid peroxidation --- 4-hydroxynonenal --- 1 --- 4-Dihydropyridine Derivatives --- omics --- pathophysiology --- growth control --- cannabinoids --- plant extract --- mass spectrometry --- cell cultures --- cancer --- aging --- oxidative stress --- immunochemistry
Choose an application
The peroxiredoxin family was discovered approximately 30 years ago and is now recognized as one of the most important families of enzymes related to antioxidant defense and cellular signaling. Peroxiredoxin 6 shares the basic enzymatic functions that characterize this family, but also exhibits several unique and crucial activities. These include the ability to reduce phospholipid hydroperoxides, phospholipase A2 activity, and an acyl transferase activity that is important in phospholipid remodeling. This book describes the available models for investigating the unique functions of PRDX6 and its role in normal physiological function, as well its roles in the pathophysiology of diseases including cancer, diseases of the eye, and male fertility.
n/a --- NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) oxidase --- sperm capacitation --- phospholipid hydroperoxide --- cornea --- peroxidase --- phospholipase A2 --- 1-Cys Prdx --- knock-in mouse --- drug delivery --- antioxidant activity --- sulfinic acid --- radioprotection --- spermatozoa --- peroxiredoxin 6 --- mass spectroscopic analysis --- knockout mouse --- phospholipase A2 activity --- liposomes --- mitochondrial membrane potential --- lipid peroxidation --- PLA2 activity --- ionizing radiation --- glutathione peroxidase --- Peroxiredoxin --- Prdx6 structure --- membrane repair --- substrate binding --- inflammation --- reactive oxygen species --- Prdx6 --- sulfonic/sulfinic acid --- Fuchs’ endothelial corneal dystrophy --- endothelium --- fertilization --- peroxidatic cysteine --- thioredoxin fold --- redox balance --- surfactant protein A --- diabetes --- oxidative stress --- Fuchs' endothelial corneal dystrophy
Choose an application
Metabolomics has been a useful method for various study fields. However, its application in animal science does not seem to be sufficient. Metabolomics will be useful for various studies in animal science: Animal genetics and breeding, animal physiology, animal nutrition, animal products (milk, meat, eggs, and their by-products) and their processing, livestock environment, animal biotechnology, animal behavior, and animal welfare. More application examples and protocols for animal science will promote more motivation to use metabolomics effectively in the study field. Therefore, in this Special Issue, we introduced some research and review articles for “Metabolomic Applications in Anmal Science”. The main methods used were mass spectrometry or nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Not only a non-targeted, but also a targeted, analysis of metabolites is shown. The topics include dietary and pharmacological interventions and protocols for metabolomic experiments.
albumen --- breed --- chicken --- feed --- metabolome --- yolk --- arachidonic acid --- omega-3 fatty acids --- lipidomics --- mass spectrometry --- dietary fat --- fatty acid metabolism --- pork --- meat --- skeletal muscle --- fiber type --- cooking --- beef --- Wagyu --- Holstein --- captive giraffes --- urine --- metabolomics --- 1H-NMR --- NMR --- metabotype --- transition --- ketosis --- cattle --- chemometrics --- spectral correction --- authentication --- biomarker --- feeding --- meat quality traits --- metabolite --- postmortem aging --- processing --- chickens --- heat stress --- lipid peroxidation --- orotic acid --- feed efficiency --- biomarkers --- SNPs --- GWAS --- RFI --- pigs --- pathways --- metabolic profile --- transition period --- livestock --- methyl donor --- one-carbon metabolism --- negative energy balance --- pasture legumes --- phytoestrogens --- flavonoids --- coumestans --- polyphenols --- proanthocyanidins --- metabolic profiling --- biosynthesis --- linear model --- transcriptomics --- horse --- metabolomic --- metabolism --- exercise --- saliva --- anabolic practices --- testosterone --- plasma --- CE-TOFMS --- intramuscular fat --- meat quality --- porcine
Choose an application
This book will cover topics related to the preparation and use of heterogeneous catalytic systems for the transformation of renewable sources, as well as of materials deriving from agro-industrial wastes and by-products. At the same time, the ever-increasing importance of bioproducts, due to the acceptance and request of consumers, makes the upgrade of biomass into chemicals and materials not only an environmental issue, but also an economical advantage.
isoselenourea --- malignant --- chemotherapeutics --- epigenetics --- antitumor activity --- methylseleninic acid --- mTOR inhibitors --- tumor heterogeneity --- hypoxia --- ER stress --- melanoma --- EMT --- lipid peroxidation --- immune evasion --- hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) --- selenium-binding protein 1 --- glutathione --- DNA damage --- hSP56 --- apoptosis --- tocopherol --- anticancer --- viability --- SELENBP1 --- selenium --- clear-cell renal cell carcinoma microRNAs --- SBP1 --- entosis --- PD-L1 --- miRNA --- cancer stem cells --- cell plasticity --- disease --- clear cell renal cell carcinoma --- HIF --- head and neck cancer --- selenium species --- VEGF --- STAT3 --- hypoxia-inducible factor --- methylselenocysteine --- anticancer agent --- Se-containing nanoparticles --- DNA damage and repair --- radiation --- seleno-l-methionine --- cancer --- tumor microenvironment --- methylselenoesters
Choose an application
This Special Issue is a collection of research articles focused on the production and role of nitric oxide in plants. Nitric oxide is a crucial molecule used in the orchestration of cellular events in animals and plants. With a mixture of primary research papers and review articles written by some of the top researchers in the field, this work encompasses many aspects of this important and growing area of biochemistry.
catalase --- monodehydroascorbate reductase --- tyrosine nitration --- nitric oxide --- peroxisome --- reactive oxygen species --- S-nitrosation --- superoxide dismutase --- antioxidants --- hydrogen gas --- hydrogen peroxide --- hydrogen sulfide --- S-nitrosothiols --- S-nitrosoglutathione reductase --- S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione --- nitrate reductase --- NOFNiR --- nitrogen metabolism --- NIA1 --- NIA2 --- nitrite --- nitrate --- methyl viologen --- benzyl viologen --- NO analyzer --- molybdenum cofactor --- Arabidopsis thaliana --- nitro-fatty acids --- nitroalkenes --- nitroalkylation --- electrophile --- nucleophile --- signaling mechanism --- post-translational modification --- reactive lipid species --- nitro-lipid-protein adducts --- Trebouxia --- microalgae --- lipid peroxidation --- diaphorase activity --- lichens --- nitric oxide synthase --- nitrogen dioxide --- plant growth --- cell enlargement --- cell proliferation --- early flowering --- PsbO --- nitric oxide homeostasis --- cue1/nox1 --- reactive nitrogen species --- germination --- root development --- stress responses --- sugar metabolism --- nitration --- S-nitrosylation --- SNO-reductase --- thiol modification
Choose an application
The book collects scientific contributions aiming at describing the common mechanism, across living species, by which innate immunity interacts with nanomaterials with the goal of harnessing such interactions for improving environmental and human safety and exploiting them for modulating immunity in vaccination strategies.
innate immunity --- infection --- microbiome --- survival --- nanomaterials --- nanoparticles --- copper --- earthworms --- Eisenia fetida --- cosmetic formulation --- cosmetic lifecycle --- hydrophobic compound --- nano-TiO2 --- nano safety --- marine invertebrate --- metabolomics --- avian pathogenic Escherichia coli --- nanovaccine --- outer membrane vesicles --- immune response --- broiler --- earthworm --- coelomocyte --- TiO2 nanoparticles --- reactive oxygen species --- lipid peroxidation --- alkaline comet assay --- phagocytosis --- apoptosis --- gene expression --- hemocytes --- Mytilus --- in vitro --- scanning electron microscopy --- innate memory --- Schistosoma mansoni --- monocytes --- macrophages --- vaccination --- gold nanoparticles --- cerium nanoparticles --- woodlice --- haemocyte --- environmental models --- human cells --- markers --- NPs testing --- immune system --- inflammation --- tolerance --- engineered nanomaterial (ENM) --- nanoparticle (NP) --- gold nanoparticle (AuNP) --- plant --- Arabidopsis thaliana --- plant growth --- stress response --- transcriptomics --- proteomics --- n/a
Choose an application
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced by healthy cells and are maintained at physiological levels by antioxidant systems. However, when ROS increase in number, a condition of oxidative stress occurs, leading to many human diseases, including cancer. The relationship between oxidative stress and cancer is complex since ROS play a double-edged role in cancer development and under therapy response. This paradox represents a great challenge for researchers and needs to be investigated. The articles collected in this Special Issue can help to clarify the role of ROS modulation in cancer prevention and treatment, and to dissect the molecular mechanisms underlying its paradoxical role in order to counteract carcinogenesis or enhance sensitivity to anticancer therapy.
sonodynamic therapy --- carbon doped titanium dioxide --- sonosensitizers --- ultrasound --- cancer treatment --- breast cancer treatment --- radiotherapy --- hematological malignancies --- oxidative stress --- lymphoma --- leukemia --- multiple myeloma --- apoptosis --- mitochondria --- ultraviolet-C (UVC) --- withanolide --- combined treatment --- oral cancer --- DNA damage --- cancer therapy --- immune system --- Hypericum perforatum --- hyperforin --- reactive oxygen species --- pH regulation --- tumor prevention --- tumor therapy --- cancerogenesis --- inflammatory signaling --- natural compounds --- pancreatic cancer --- antitumor agents --- coordination polymers --- bioinorganic chemistry --- cold atmospheric plasma --- reactive oxygen and nitrogen species --- nitrite --- cancer stem cells --- chemoresistance --- glutathione --- lipid peroxidation --- ZEB-1 --- GPX4 --- ferroptosis --- HO-1 --- Nrf2 --- cancer progression --- patients --- therapy --- prognosis --- biomarker --- Eprenetapopt --- Erastin --- glutathione (GSH) --- SLC7A11 --- iron --- NRF2 --- n/a
Choose an application
Our common knowledge on oxidative stress has evolved substantially over the years and has been mostly focused on the fundamental chemical reactions and the most relevant chemical species involved in the human pathophysiology of oxidative stress-associated diseases. Thus, reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) were identified as the key players initiating, mediating, and regulating the cellular and biochemical complexity of oxidative stress either as physiological (acting pro-hormetic) or as pathogenic (causing destructive vicious circle) process. The papers published in this particular Special Issue of the Cells demonstrate the impressive pathophysiological relevance of ROS and RNS in a range of contexts, including the relevance of second messengers of free radicals like 4-hydroxynonenal, allowing us to assume that even more detailed mechanisms of their positive and negative effects lie in wait, and should assist in better monitoring of the major modern diseases and the development of advanced integrative biomedicine treatments.
toxicity --- toll-like receptors --- acrolein --- hydroxyapatite-based biomaterials --- LC-MS/MS --- blood–brain barrier --- NADPH-oxidase --- human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells --- NRF2-NQO1 axis --- granulocytes --- free radicals --- antioxidant --- plaque vulnerability --- bEnd.3 --- relaxation --- Ca2+ --- keratinocytes --- oxidative metabolism of the cells --- lipid peroxidation --- intermittent hypoxia --- osteoblast growth --- UV radiation --- ROS --- bEnd5 --- cyclopurines --- NF?B --- glucose deprivation --- antimicrobial --- endothelial cells --- 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) --- histamine --- glutamine deprivation --- optical coherence tomography --- antioxidants --- DNA damage --- glutathione --- NQO1 transcript variants --- xeroderma pigmentosum --- cancer cells --- VAS2870 --- reactive oxygen species (ROS) --- TP53 mutation --- DNA and RNA polymerases --- viability --- oxidative burst --- macrophages --- inflammation --- Nrf2 --- von Willebrand factor --- reactive oxygen species --- growth control --- intracellular signaling --- MFN2 --- nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 --- fusion/fission --- IMR-90 --- calcium --- proliferation --- mitochondria --- pathophysiology of oxidative stress --- redox balance --- 4-hydroxynonenal --- cannabidiol --- oxidative homeostasis --- rs1800566 --- neuronal cell death --- heme-oxygenase-1 --- vitamins --- cell signaling --- TRPM2 channel --- aorta --- cancer --- growth --- cancer regression --- oxidative stress --- nucleotide excision repair
Choose an application
Skin inflammation is associated with a wide range of conditions which represent major health issues worldwide. Skin and mucosal surfaces represent the primary interface between the human body and the environment, susceptible to numerous factors whose action results in diseases produced by chemical substances, mechanical trauma, microbial agents, radiation, etc. Inflammation, a complex network of interactions between soluble molecules and cells, represents the main modality of the skin’s response to injuries. Numerous studies have revealed close links between chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and carcinogenesis. Chronic inflammation induces the activation of various cell types and an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species, promoting the initiation of a malignant process. Identifying specific biomarkers is essential for understanding molecular mechanisms and developing therapies appropriate to the patient’s characteristics.Personalized medicine is an emerging field of medicine that has the potential to predict which therapy will be safe and efficacious for specific patients using an individual’s genetic profile to guide decisions regarding the diagnosis, treatment, as well as prevention of disease. This book gathers articles that present recent advancements in research involving the mechanisms that underlie the development of inflammatory skin disorders, skin and mucosal inflammation in general.
sea-buckthorn seed oil --- long-chain fatty acids --- skin dysplastic keratinocytes --- UVA --- CD36 --- SR-B2 --- atopic dermatitis --- eczema --- JAK inhibitors --- systematic review --- meta-analysis --- evidence-based medicine --- immune-mediated skin diseases --- target therapy --- skin conditions and systemic inflammatory diseases --- systemic sclerosis --- biomarker --- calumenin --- S100A6 --- cytohesin 2 --- cannabinoids --- inflammation --- gut-lung-skin barrier --- signaling pathways --- inflammatory biomarkers --- psoriasis vulgaris --- prevalence --- comorbidities --- risk factors --- systemic lupus erythematous --- lupus nephritis --- lipid peroxidation --- DNA oxidation --- oxidized proteins --- carbohydrate oxidation --- antioxidative stress strategies --- biomarkers --- IgY --- psoriatic dermatitis --- imiquimod --- C57 BL/6 mice --- alginate --- biomaterial --- dressing --- fibers --- hydrogel --- nanofibers --- commercially available --- wound care --- wound healing --- cutaneous melanoma --- epigenetic regulation --- drug resistance --- therapeutic targets --- epigenetic therapy --- immune response --- Sutton nevi --- halo nevi --- skin tumor --- psoriasis --- proteome analysis --- estrogen --- menopause --- cSCC --- AK --- sialylation --- sialyltransferase --- sialidase --- COVID-19 --- pyoderma gangrenosum --- immunosuppression --- cyclosporine --- corticosteroids --- autoinflammatory disease --- androgenic alopecia --- clinical trial --- hair density --- platelet-rich plasma --- n/a
Listing 1 - 10 of 19 | << page >> |
Sort by
|