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The history of science can teach modern men that our understanding of life is to a great extent based on the accuracy of the analytical methods that we use and, on our readiness to oppose dogmatic opinions, which are based on outdated methods and black/white approaches to the major questions raised by mankind in the past. The recent decades have brought a lot of new insights into the fundamentals of the active principles of reactive oxygen species that are necessary for living cells, but which also cause dangerous pathophysiological processes. Accordingly, although they were previously considered to be the most undesired toxic compounds generated as the final products of the oxidative degradation of lipids, reactive aldehydes are now considered to play important roles both in health and in major diseases. Represented mostly by 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), a substance discovered only fifty years ago, reactive aldehydes are the focus of research not only because of their toxicity but also because of their positive effects regulating the most important metabolic processes such as growth of living cells or the death of cells. Better understanding the interactions between reactive aldehydes and natural or synthetic antioxidant substances might eventually help us to better monitor, prevent and control modern diseases, thus building pillars for the development of the modern, multidisciplinary life sciences and integrative medicine of the 21st century.

free radicals --- lipids --- cell-based ELISA --- reactive aldehydes --- antioxidants --- fertility --- reactive oxygen species ROS --- human diseases --- lipid peroxidation --- 4-hydroxynonenal --- 1 --- 4-Dihydropyridine Derivatives --- omics --- pathophysiology --- growth control --- cannabinoids --- plant extract --- mass spectrometry --- cell cultures --- cancer --- aging --- oxidative stress --- immunochemistry

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Metabolomics has been a useful method for various study fields. However, its application in animal science does not seem to be sufficient. Metabolomics will be useful for various studies in animal science: Animal genetics and breeding, animal physiology, animal nutrition, animal products (milk, meat, eggs, and their by-products) and their processing, livestock environment, animal biotechnology, animal behavior, and animal welfare. More application examples and protocols for animal science will promote more motivation to use metabolomics effectively in the study field. Therefore, in this Special Issue, we introduced some research and review articles for “Metabolomic Applications in Anmal Science”. The main methods used were mass spectrometry or nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Not only a non-targeted, but also a targeted, analysis of metabolites is shown. The topics include dietary and pharmacological interventions and protocols for metabolomic experiments.

albumen --- breed --- chicken --- feed --- metabolome --- yolk --- arachidonic acid --- omega-3 fatty acids --- lipidomics --- mass spectrometry --- dietary fat --- fatty acid metabolism --- pork --- meat --- skeletal muscle --- fiber type --- cooking --- beef --- Wagyu --- Holstein --- captive giraffes --- urine --- metabolomics --- 1H-NMR --- NMR --- metabotype --- transition --- ketosis --- cattle --- chemometrics --- spectral correction --- authentication --- biomarker --- feeding --- meat quality traits --- metabolite --- postmortem aging --- processing --- chickens --- heat stress --- lipid peroxidation --- orotic acid --- feed efficiency --- biomarkers --- SNPs --- GWAS --- RFI --- pigs --- pathways --- metabolic profile --- transition period --- livestock --- methyl donor --- one-carbon metabolism --- negative energy balance --- pasture legumes --- phytoestrogens --- flavonoids --- coumestans --- polyphenols --- proanthocyanidins --- metabolic profiling --- biosynthesis --- linear model --- transcriptomics --- horse --- metabolomic --- metabolism --- exercise --- saliva --- anabolic practices --- testosterone --- plasma --- CE-TOFMS --- intramuscular fat --- meat quality --- porcine

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This Special Issue is a collection of research articles focused on the production and role of nitric oxide in plants. Nitric oxide is a crucial molecule used in the orchestration of cellular events in animals and plants. With a mixture of primary research papers and review articles written by some of the top researchers in the field, this work encompasses many aspects of this important and growing area of biochemistry.

catalase --- monodehydroascorbate reductase --- tyrosine nitration --- nitric oxide --- peroxisome --- reactive oxygen species --- S-nitrosation --- superoxide dismutase --- antioxidants --- hydrogen gas --- hydrogen peroxide --- hydrogen sulfide --- S-nitrosothiols --- S-nitrosoglutathione reductase --- S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione --- nitrate reductase --- NOFNiR --- nitrogen metabolism --- NIA1 --- NIA2 --- nitrite --- nitrate --- methyl viologen --- benzyl viologen --- NO analyzer --- molybdenum cofactor --- Arabidopsis thaliana --- nitro-fatty acids --- nitroalkenes --- nitroalkylation --- electrophile --- nucleophile --- signaling mechanism --- post-translational modification --- reactive lipid species --- nitro-lipid-protein adducts --- Trebouxia --- microalgae --- lipid peroxidation --- diaphorase activity --- lichens --- nitric oxide synthase --- nitrogen dioxide --- plant growth --- cell enlargement --- cell proliferation --- early flowering --- PsbO --- nitric oxide homeostasis --- cue1/nox1 --- reactive nitrogen species --- germination --- root development --- stress responses --- sugar metabolism --- nitration --- S-nitrosylation --- SNO-reductase --- thiol modification

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced by healthy cells and are maintained at physiological levels by antioxidant systems. However, when ROS increase in number, a condition of oxidative stress occurs, leading to many human diseases, including cancer. The relationship between oxidative stress and cancer is complex since ROS play a double-edged role in cancer development and under therapy response. This paradox represents a great challenge for researchers and needs to be investigated. The articles collected in this Special Issue can help to clarify the role of ROS modulation in cancer prevention and treatment, and to dissect the molecular mechanisms underlying its paradoxical role in order to counteract carcinogenesis or enhance sensitivity to anticancer therapy.

sonodynamic therapy --- carbon doped titanium dioxide --- sonosensitizers --- ultrasound --- cancer treatment --- breast cancer treatment --- radiotherapy --- hematological malignancies --- oxidative stress --- lymphoma --- leukemia --- multiple myeloma --- apoptosis --- mitochondria --- ultraviolet-C (UVC) --- withanolide --- combined treatment --- oral cancer --- DNA damage --- cancer therapy --- immune system --- Hypericum perforatum --- hyperforin --- reactive oxygen species --- pH regulation --- tumor prevention --- tumor therapy --- cancerogenesis --- inflammatory signaling --- natural compounds --- pancreatic cancer --- antitumor agents --- coordination polymers --- bioinorganic chemistry --- cold atmospheric plasma --- reactive oxygen and nitrogen species --- nitrite --- cancer stem cells --- chemoresistance --- glutathione --- lipid peroxidation --- ZEB-1 --- GPX4 --- ferroptosis --- HO-1 --- Nrf2 --- cancer progression --- patients --- therapy --- prognosis --- biomarker --- Eprenetapopt --- Erastin --- glutathione (GSH) --- SLC7A11 --- iron --- NRF2 --- n/a

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Skin inflammation is associated with a wide range of conditions which represent major health issues worldwide. Skin and mucosal surfaces represent the primary interface between the human body and the environment, susceptible to numerous factors whose action results in diseases produced by chemical substances, mechanical trauma, microbial agents, radiation, etc. Inflammation, a complex network of interactions between soluble molecules and cells, represents the main modality of the skin’s response to injuries. Numerous studies have revealed close links between chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and carcinogenesis. Chronic inflammation induces the activation of various cell types and an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species, promoting the initiation of a malignant process. Identifying specific biomarkers is essential for understanding molecular mechanisms and developing therapies appropriate to the patient’s characteristics.Personalized medicine is an emerging field of medicine that has the potential to predict which therapy will be safe and efficacious for specific patients using an individual’s genetic profile to guide decisions regarding the diagnosis, treatment, as well as prevention of disease. This book gathers articles that present recent advancements in research involving the mechanisms that underlie the development of inflammatory skin disorders, skin and mucosal inflammation in general.

sea-buckthorn seed oil --- long-chain fatty acids --- skin dysplastic keratinocytes --- UVA --- CD36 --- SR-B2 --- atopic dermatitis --- eczema --- JAK inhibitors --- systematic review --- meta-analysis --- evidence-based medicine --- immune-mediated skin diseases --- target therapy --- skin conditions and systemic inflammatory diseases --- systemic sclerosis --- biomarker --- calumenin --- S100A6 --- cytohesin 2 --- cannabinoids --- inflammation --- gut-lung-skin barrier --- signaling pathways --- inflammatory biomarkers --- psoriasis vulgaris --- prevalence --- comorbidities --- risk factors --- systemic lupus erythematous --- lupus nephritis --- lipid peroxidation --- DNA oxidation --- oxidized proteins --- carbohydrate oxidation --- antioxidative stress strategies --- biomarkers --- IgY --- psoriatic dermatitis --- imiquimod --- C57 BL/6 mice --- alginate --- biomaterial --- dressing --- fibers --- hydrogel --- nanofibers --- commercially available --- wound care --- wound healing --- cutaneous melanoma --- epigenetic regulation --- drug resistance --- therapeutic targets --- epigenetic therapy --- immune response --- Sutton nevi --- halo nevi --- skin tumor --- psoriasis --- proteome analysis --- estrogen --- menopause --- cSCC --- AK --- sialylation --- sialyltransferase --- sialidase --- COVID-19 --- pyoderma gangrenosum --- immunosuppression --- cyclosporine --- corticosteroids --- autoinflammatory disease --- androgenic alopecia --- clinical trial --- hair density --- platelet-rich plasma --- n/a