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The book features contributions that report original research in the theoretical, technological, and social aspects of geoinformation methods, as applied to supporting citizen science. Specifically, the book focuses on the technological aspects of the field and their application toward the recruitment of volunteers and the collection, management, and analysis of geotagged information to support volunteer involvement in scientific projects. Internationally renowned research groups share research in three areas: First, the key methods of geoinformatics within citizen science initiatives to support scientists in discovering new knowledge in specific application domains or in performing relevant activities, such as reliable geodata filtering, management, analysis, synthesis, sharing, and visualization; second, the critical aspects of citizen science initiatives that call for emerging or novel approaches of geoinformatics to acquire and handle geoinformation; and third, novel geoinformatics research that could serve in support of citizen science.

education --- geoinformatics --- GIS education --- classification accuracy --- latent class analysis --- location-based social networks (LBSNs) --- geoinformation in citizen science --- toponym --- recruitment --- community mapping --- user preference --- land administration systems --- positional accuracy --- sample size --- spatial proximity --- crowdsourced geoinformation collection and analysis --- air quality estimation --- digital cartography --- crowdsourcing --- VGI in citizen science --- crowdsourced data collection --- social relationship effect --- analysis --- GIS --- data quality --- opportunistic data --- volunteer --- volunteered geographic information (VGI) --- VGI --- data fusion --- algorithms --- OpenStreetMap --- volunteer geographic information --- citizen science --- ensemble --- spatial bias --- projects survey --- Alaska --- marine mammal --- brown marmorated stink bug --- social media --- Environmental niche modeling --- data analysis --- Pentatomidae --- QGIS --- MaxEnt --- spatial accuracy --- clustering --- air pollution --- data import --- sky images

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This special edition, Seafood Sustainability Series I, includes two articles on seafood consumption, four on sustainable capture fisheries, and four on sustainable aquaculture. The articles on consumption explore an alternative perspective on sustainable seafood movement governance to consumer- or retail/brand-driven logic and analyze fish tissues for human consumption to detect contaminants like flame retardant chemicals hazardous to human health sourced from microplastic pollutants. Articles on capture fisheries include: • A study of harvest strategies to achieve ecological, economic, and social sustainability objectives; • An examination of the economic leverages and resources needed to sustain coastal artisanal fishing communities in Africa; • A review of sustainability planning efforts to combat fishing community threats like declining participation, aging infrastructure and fleets, gentrification, reduced resource access, market competition, and environmental stresses; • An analysis of responsible fish consumption through a life-promoting sustainable food system for school-age children. Three of the articles on aquaculture focus on studying consumer preferences related to sustainable aquaculture based on the estimation of how the attributes of aquaculture products (including product labeling and perception) affect consumers’ purchase decisions. The other article questions the widely held assumption of sustainable substitutability of plant protein sources (e.g., soymeal) for fishmeal in aquaculture production.

corporate social responsibility --- ecolabels --- ethical consumption --- green marketing --- supply chain management --- sustainable seafood --- contamination --- fish --- fisheries --- flame retardants --- health --- PBDE --- seafood --- trophic level --- sustainability --- sensory --- consumers --- artisanal fishers --- double-hurdle --- fish marketing --- fish mothers --- aquaculture --- IMTA --- ecolabel --- choice experiments --- latent class --- WTP --- Triple bottom line fisheries management --- harvest strategy development --- social objectives --- economic objectives --- ecological objectives --- shrimp feed --- fishmeal --- plant ingredients --- marine resources --- terrestrial resources --- contingent valuation method --- double-bounded dichotomous choice --- environmental economics --- environmental psychology --- New Ecological Paradigm --- seafood preference --- copper-alloy nets --- fishing community --- strategic planning --- port --- California --- school lunch programme --- Italy --- healthy nutrition --- oily fish --- Almost Ideal Demand System --- Deepwater Horizon --- frozen seafood market --- retail scanner data

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The acceptance and preference of the sensory properties of foods are among the most important criteria determining food choice. Sensory perception and our response to food products, and finally food choice itself, are affected by a myriad of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The pressing question is, how do these factors specifically affect our acceptance and preference for foods, both in and of themselves, and in combination in various contexts, both fundamental and applied? In addition, which factors overall play the largest role in how we perceive and behave towards food in daily life? Finally, how can these factors be utilized to affect our preferences and final acceptance of real food and food products from industrial production and beyond for healthier eating? A closer look at trends in research showcasing the influence that these factors and our senses have on our perception and affective response to food products and our food choices is timely. Thus, in this Special Issue collection “Consumer Preferences and Acceptance of Food Products”, we bring together articles which encompass the wide scope of multidisciplinary research in the space related to the determination of key factors involved linked to fundamental interactions, cross-modal effects in different contexts and eating scenarios, as well as studies that utilize unique study design approaches and methodologies.

sugar reduction --- multisensory integration --- intrinsic factors --- extrinsic factors --- sweetness perception --- best–worst scaling --- cluster analysis --- consumer preferences --- fruits and vegetables --- post-ingestive sensation --- appetite --- satiety --- consumer --- protein --- carbohydrate --- breakfast --- sleep curtailment --- hedonics --- complex food matrices --- sweet liking phenotype --- sweet taste --- texture --- apple juice --- consumer perception --- internal preference mapping --- visual attention --- packaging --- label --- coffee --- espresso --- hot beverages --- temperature --- esophageal cancer --- sensory trial --- preference --- trust --- choice experiment --- best-worst scaling --- latent class analysis --- hierarchical Bayesian mixed logit model --- sweet --- vanilla --- consumers --- age --- gender --- sweet liker status --- young adults --- organic food --- market --- product acceptance --- sensory properties --- optimization --- cognitive dissonance theory --- unhealthy = tasty intuition --- food neophobia --- low-sodium --- low-sugar --- descriptive name labels --- out-of-home --- catering --- sustainable nutrition --- food --- nudge --- decoy --- food preference --- sensory perception --- food choice --- multidisciplinary

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This book is a reprint of the Special Issue "Scientific Reasoning in Science Education: From Global Measures to Fine-Grained Descriptions of Students’ Competencies" published in the journal Education Sciences. It compiles all manuscripts of the special issue.

scientific reasoning --- primary education --- individual differences --- cognition --- assessment --- item features --- item difficulty --- abductive reasoning --- models --- modeling --- model construction --- model application --- modeling competence --- scientific inquiry --- science education --- chemistry --- teacher education --- argumentation --- reasoning --- justifications --- socioscientific issues --- societally denied science --- controversial science issues --- science communication --- nature of science --- preservice teachers --- longitudinal study --- cross-lagged panel --- explanations --- drawings --- earthquakes --- modelling competence --- chemical education --- epistemic cognition --- science discussions --- Quality Talk --- professional knowledge --- scientific reasoning skills --- self-efficacy --- students’ difficulties --- diagnostic competencies --- anomalous data --- balance of nature metaphor --- science teacher education --- pre-service teachers --- person-centered statistical analyses --- latent class analysis --- biological reasoning --- three-tiered assessment --- Assessment of Biological Reasoning --- data reasoning --- statistics education --- numerical cognition --- cognitive development --- number sense --- n/a --- models and modeling --- philosophy of science --- students' difficulties

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It is important to prevent and manage the frailty of the elderly because their muscle strength and physical activity decrease in old age, making them prone to falling, depression, and social isolation. In the end, they need to be admitted to a hospital or a nursing home. When successful aging fails and motor ability declines due to illness, malnutrition, or reduced activity, frailty eventually occurs. Once frailty occurs, people with frailty do not have the power to exercise or the power to move. The functions of the heart and muscles are deteriorated more rapidly when they are not used. Consequently, frailty goes through a vicious cycle. As one’s physical fitness is deteriorated, the person has less power to exercise, poorer cognitive functions, and inferior nutrition intake. Consequently, the whole body of the person deteriorates. Therefore, in addition to observational studies to identify risk factors for preventing aging, various intervention studies have been conducted to develop exercise programs and apply them to communities, hospitals, and nursing homes for helping the elderly maintain healthy lives. Until now, most aging studies have focused on physical frailty. However, social frailty and cognitive frailty affect senile health negatively just as much as physical frailty. Nevertheless, little is known about social frailty and cognitive frailty. This special issue includes original experimental studies, reviews, systematic reviews, and meta-analysis studies on the prevention of senescence (physical senescence, cognitive senescence, social senescence), high-risk group detection, differentiation, and intervention.

Public health & preventive medicine --- brain stimulation --- dementia --- meta-analysis --- naming --- primary progressive aphasia --- qualitative evaluation --- cognitive function --- data mining --- Parkinson’s disease with mild cognitive impairment --- random forest --- neuropsychological test --- motoric cognitive risk syndrome --- fall --- gait speed --- three-item recall --- older adults --- mixing ability --- color-changing chewing gum --- frailty --- cross-sectional study --- spousal concordance --- aging --- aged --- accidental falls --- pain --- mild cognitive impairment --- depressive symptoms --- frailty profiles --- latent class analysis --- quality of life --- perceived health --- frailty syndrome --- physiotherapy --- exercise --- mood --- BDI --- STAI --- SWLS --- muscle strength --- community-dwelling older adults --- physical frailty --- prevalence --- risk factors --- non-robust --- FRAIL scale --- Tilburg Frailty Indicator --- determinants --- community-based --- sleep quality --- middle-aged and older adults --- SUNFRAIL --- psychometric properties --- screening tool --- social isolation --- social networks --- social support --- social participation --- Parkinson’s disease dementia --- instrumental activities of daily living --- clinical dementia rating --- convergence rate --- neuropsychological tests --- neuropsychiatric symptoms --- explainable artificial intelligence --- machine learning --- stacking ensemble --- Self-Rating Anxiety Scale --- multiple risk factors --- fall assessment sheet --- elderly patients --- hospitalization --- risk management --- driving cessation --- meaningful activities --- psychosomatic functions --- physical functional performance --- nursing homes --- physical fitness --- gait analysis --- indicators --- screening --- artificial intelligence --- healthcare --- frail --- Baduanjin --- strength training --- endurance training --- Explainable Artificial Intelligence