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Der sprachen- und bildungsstufenübergreifend angelegte Band stellt Heterogenität als Merkmal pädagogischer Settings in den Fokus und geht der zentralen Frage nach, wie der mehrsprachigen Lebenswirklichkeit in einem an der Bildungssprache Deutsch orientierten System entsprochen werden kann. Die Beiträge spiegeln die vielfältigen Ausgangslagen, Bedarfe und Perspektiven wider, die den deutschsprachigen Raum prägen. Dabei werden Ausbaupotenziale von Sprachförderung ebenso untersucht wie Faktoren und Facetten einer entwicklungsadäquaten Förderung von Deutsch als Bildungssprache, Gelingensbedingungen für Sprachaneignung im Kontext herkunftsbedingter Mehrsprachigkeit und integrative Ansätze zum gesteuerten (Mehr-)Sprachenerwerb. Durch die Bündelung dieser inhaltlich und methodisch breiten Themenfelder zu den vier Schwerpunkten Bildungssprache Deutsch, herkunftsbedingte Mehrsprachigkeit, Fremdsprachenerwerb und Sprachförderkompetenzen können Befunde und Handlungsempfehlungen für Bereiche zusammengeführt werden, die für angewandte Linguist/-innen, Sprachlehrforscher/-innen, Sprachendidaktiker/-innen, Lehrkräftebildner/-innen und Pädagog/-innen ebenso relevant sind wie für Entscheidungsträger/-innen in mit Sprache befassten Institutionen. This volume spans various languages and education levels, focusing on heterogeneity as an immanent characteristic of pedagogical settings. Its examines the potential of language development, the factors and facets of the developmentally appropriate promotion of German as a language of education, the conditions for successful language acquisition in the context of multilingualism, and integrative approaches toward controlled language acquisition.

Foreign Language Acquisition. --- Language Development Skills. --- Language of Education (German). --- Multilingualism. --- linguistics --- Bilingualism & multilingualism --- Language acquisition

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While Embodied Cognition has now been accepted as mainstream in Cognitive Science, the study of its potential contribution to understding child developemnt and ageing, as well as its potential applications, is still in its infancy. This collection of articles explores the contribution of Embodied Cognition to studying the lifespan and potential applied fields. The contributions are theoretical and empirical and offer an important framework for future research and its applications.

ageing --- virtual reality --- education --- language development --- cognitive development --- Embodied Cognition --- health --- abstract concepts --- creativity --- animation

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The goal of this eBook is to shed light on the non-linguistic causes of language diversity, and in particular, to explore the possibility that some aspects of the structure of languages may result from an adaptation to the natural and/or human-made environment. Traditionally, language diversity has been claimed to result from random, internally-motivated changes in language structure. However, ongoing research suggests instead that different factors that are external to language can promote language change and ultimately account for aspects of language diversity, specifically features of the social and physical environments. The contributions in this eBook discuss whether some aspects of languages are an adaptation to ecological, social, or even technological niches.

Language change --- environment --- Sociocultural factors --- cognition --- language development --- Linguistic diversity --- adaptation --- linguistic relativism --- language complexity --- recursion

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Perceptual processes mediating recognition, including the recognition of objects and spoken words, is inherently multisensory. This is true in spite of the fact that sensory inputs are segregated in early stages of neuro-sensory encoding. In face-to-face communication, for example, auditory information is processed in the cochlea, encoded in auditory sensory nerve, and processed in lower cortical areas. Eventually, these “sounds” are processed in higher cortical pathways such as the auditory cortex where it is perceived as speech. Likewise, visual information obtained from observing a talker’s articulators is encoded in lower visual pathways. Subsequently, this information undergoes processing in the visual cortex prior to the extraction of articulatory gestures in higher cortical areas associated with speech and language. As language perception unfolds, information garnered from visual articulators interacts with language processing in multiple brain regions. This occurs via visual projections to auditory, language, and multisensory brain regions. The association of auditory and visual speech signals makes the speech signal a highly “configural” percept. An important direction for the field is thus to provide ways to measure the extent to which visual speech information influences auditory processing, and likewise, assess how the unisensory components of the signal combine to form a configural/integrated percept. Numerous behavioral measures such as accuracy (e.g., percent correct, susceptibility to the “McGurk Effect”) and reaction time (RT) have been employed to assess multisensory integration ability in speech perception. On the other hand, neural based measures such as fMRI, EEG and MEG have been employed to examine the locus and or time-course of integration. The purpose of this Research Topic is to find converging behavioral and neural based assessments of audiovisual integration in speech perception. A further aim is to investigate speech recognition ability in normal hearing, hearing-impaired, and aging populations. As such, the purpose is to obtain neural measures from EEG as well as fMRI that shed light on the neural bases of multisensory processes, while connecting them to model based measures of reaction time and accuracy in the behavioral domain. In doing so, we endeavor to gain a more thorough description of the neural bases and mechanisms underlying integration in higher order processes such as speech and language recognition.

Cognitive science. --- Psychology. --- Models of Integration --- Audiovisual speech and aging --- Integration Efficiency --- Multisensory language development --- Visual prediction --- Audiovisual integration --- imaging

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The advent of behavior-independent measures of cognition and major progress in experimental designs have led to substantial advances in the investigation of infant language learning mechanisms. Research in the last two decades has shown that infants are very efficient users of perceptual and statistical cues in order to extract linguistic units and regular patterns from the speech input. This has lent support for learning-based accounts of language acquisition that challenge traditional nativist views. Still, there are many open questions with respect to when and how specific patterns can be learned and the relevance of different types of input cues. For example, first steps have been made to identify the neural mechanisms supporting on-line extraction of words and statistical regularities from speech. Here, the temporal cortex seems to be a major player. How this region works in concert with other brain areas in order to detect and store new linguistic units is a question of broad interest. In this Research Topic of Frontiers in Language Sciences, we bring together experimental and review papers across linguistic domains, ranging from phonology to syntax that address on-line language learning in infancy. Specifically, we focused on papers that explore one of the following or related questions: How and when do infants start to segment linguistic units from the speech input and discover the regularities according to which they are related to each other? What is the role of different linguistic cues during these acquisition stages and how do different kinds of information interact? How are these processes reflected in children’s behavior, how are they represented in the brain and how do they unfold in time? What are the characteristics of the acquired representations as they are established, consolidated and stored in long-term memory? By bringing together behavioral and neurophysiological evidence on language learning mechanisms, we aim to contribute to a more complete picture of the expeditious and highly efficient early stages of language acquisition and their neural implementation.

Language acquisition. --- Language and languages --- Physiological aspects. --- language learning --- statistical learning --- Prosody --- language development --- phonotactics --- artificial grammar --- word learning --- speech segmentation --- phonology