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This open access book examines the chronic underperformance of economies with respect to inclusion, sustainability and resilience. It finds that the standard liberal economic growth and development model has evolved over the past century in a fundamentally unbalanced manner that underemphasizes the crucial role of institutions – legal norms, policy incentives and public administrative capacities – in translating market-based growth in the production of goods and services into broad and sustainable gains in social welfare at the household level. Correcting this imbalance of emphasis in economic theory and policy between markets and institutions, production and distribution, and national income and household living standards is the single most important step required to transcend 20th century trickle-down “neoliberalism” and replace it with a more human-centred model of economic progress in the 21st century. The book breaks new ground by integrating the principal institutional dimensions of the social contract into the heart of macroeconomic theory and presenting extensive corresponding reforms of domestic and international economic policy to refocus them on the median living standards, rather than primarily aggregate wealth or GDP, of nations. This is the bottom-line measure of national economic performance, and it depends on the strength of both markets of exchange and institutions in such areas as labour and social protection, financial and corporate governance, competition and rents, anti-corruption, infrastructure and basic necessities, environmental protection, education and skilling, etc. Extensive comparative data are presented demonstrating that countries at every level of economic development have ample policy space to narrow their “welfare gaps” – their underperformance on these and other key aspects of household living standards relative to the frontier of leading policy practice in peer countries. Richard Samans is Director of the International Labour Organization’s Research Department and its Sherpa to the G20, G7 and BRICS processes. .

Labor economics. --- Environmental economics. --- Economics. --- Social choice. --- Labor Economics. --- Environmental Economics. --- Public Choice and Political Economy.

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This open access book explores the various dimensions of women’s empowerment in public policy in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), with a particular focus on Qatar, comparing the country to the other Gulf states. Through its rich compilation of empirical qualitative research, the text unpacks the various ways in which women’s empowerment materializes in the GCC context, providing insights into public policy perspectives in high-income rentier states more broadly. The Arab world has long been part of the global dialogue on women’s economic and political empowerment and the GCC has, over the past decade, situated women’s empowerment amongst their respective national priorities and long-term strategies. In turn, the Gulf has seen gradual implementation of policies aimed at women, specifically, in looking to attract and retain them in the labour market, and in the public sector more broadly. The collection surveys and evaluates the progress made in recent decades, paying close attentionto the cultural and policy constraints still limiting women’s empowerment in the Gulf. With a key linkage to SDG5, this book is a timely text addressing the context and drivers behind policies centering on women in the Arab region, in its analysis of the interplay of international women’s empowerment discourse and regional public policy decisions. It is relevant to researchers and policy makers focused on women and gender issues in relation to social, cultural, economic, and political empowerment in the Gulf specifically, but also in the Arab world and beyond. .

Sex. --- Political planning. --- Sociology. --- Social groups. --- Social legislation. --- Labor economics. --- Gender Studies. --- Public Policy. --- Sociology of Family, Youth and Aging. --- Labour Law/Social Law. --- Labor Economics.

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At present, how to develop industries is a burning issue in Africa, where population growth remains high and economic development has thus far failed to provide sufficient jobs for many, especially young people and women. The creation of productive jobs through industrial development ought to be a central issue in steering economic activity across the continent. The authors of this book, consisting of two development economists and five practitioners, argue that the adoption of Kaizen management practices, which originated in Japan and have become widely used by manufacturers in advanced and emerging economies, is decisively the most effective first step for industrial development in Africa. This open access book discusses what Kaizen management is, why it is applicable to Africa, and why it can provide Africa with a springboard for sustainable economic growth and employment generation. Keijiro Otsuka is Professor at the Graduate School of Economics, Kobe University, Japan, and Chief Senior Researcher at the Institute of Developing Economies, Japan. Kimiaki Jin is Senior Assistant Director of the Industrial Development and Public Policy Department at the Japan International Cooperation Agency, Japan. Tetsushi Sonobe is Vice President and Chair of the PhD Program Committee, Director of the GRIPS Global Governance Program and Professor of Development Economics at the National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies (GRIPS), Japan.

Industrial organization. --- Leadership. --- Development economics. --- Africa—Economic conditions. --- Labor economics. --- Industrial Organization. --- Business Strategy/Leadership. --- Development Economics. --- African Economics. --- Labor Economics. --- Economics --- Economic development --- Ability --- Command of troops --- Followership --- Industries --- Organization --- Industrial concentration --- Industrial management --- Industrial sociology --- Africa --- Economic conditions. --- Management science --- Industrial organization --- Leadership --- Development economics --- Africa—Economic conditions --- Labor economics

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This open access book provides a glimpse into the Japanese management technique known as “Kaizen,” and the ways it has been disseminated around the developing world. The novelty of this book is three-fold: it provides a contextualized view of the mechanisms of initiatives implementing Kaizen in developing countries; compared with productivity studies, it places the relationship between workers and managers at the center of inquiry, reflecting the intent of SDG8 concerning decent work and economic growth; and it provides an overview of the heterogeneity of Kaizen in terms of geography and firm size. This book explores how improving management techniques can support firms’ productivity and quality. Given its wide range of case studies from across Africa, Asia and Latin America, this book will be of value to scholars, policymakers and advocates of sustainable development alike. Akio Hosono is senior research adviser to the JICA Research Institute. Holding a doctorate in economics from the University of Tokyo, he has held a variety of academic　posts, including a period as Director of the JICA Research Institute from 2011 to 2013. John Page is a Senior Fellow in the Global Economy and Development Program at the Brookings Institution in Washington, DC and has held positions at Princeton University, USA, the World Bank, Oxford University, UK, and the National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies, Tokyo, Japan. Go Shimada is an Associate Professor of Meiji University and a visiting scholar at the JICA Research Institute. He holds a PhD from Waseda University.

Asia—Economic conditions. --- Economic development—Environmental aspects. --- Labor economics. --- Asian Economics. --- Development and Sustainability. --- Labor Economics. --- Economics --- Asian Economics --- Development and Sustainability --- Labor Economics --- Economy-wide Country Studies --- Development Studies --- Open Access --- Kaizen --- Industrial Planning --- Management --- Corporate Structure --- Sustainable Development --- Sustainability --- Labour economics

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This open access book builds on the European Union’s (EU) Horizon 2020 project ‘Financial and Institutional Reforms for an Entrepreneurial Society’ (FIRES). The authors outline how Europe can move towards more inclusive, innovative and sustainable growth through reforms that will rekindle its entrepreneurial spirit. Based on decades of research and countless discussions with stakeholders, the book also features the FIRES project’s full list of policy interventions and institutional reforms that can help policymakers make that agenda a reality.

Entrepreneurship. --- Economic policy. --- Evolutionary economics. --- Labor economics. --- Capital market. --- Economic Policy. --- Institutional/Evolutionary Economics. --- Labor Economics. --- Capital Markets. --- Capital markets --- Market, Capital --- Finance --- Financial institutions --- Loans --- Money market --- Securities --- Crowding out (Economics) --- Efficient market theory --- Economics --- Economic nationalism --- Economic planning --- National planning --- State planning --- Planning --- National security --- Social policy --- Entrepreneur --- Intrapreneur --- Capitalism --- Business incubators --- Business --- Management science --- Entrepreneurship --- Economic policy --- Evolutionary economics --- Labor economics --- Capital market