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A partir de un múltiple juego metafórico –las ciudades como rompecabezas, las piezas como indicios, los investigadores como detectives–, este libro propone una original mirada a los centros urbanos de la Norpatagonia. Con la diversidad como punto de partida, el objetivo es construir, desde los fragmentos, una totalidad. Por eso, esta obra cruza temas (salud pública, planificación urbana, gentrificación, percepción de inseguridad), disciplinas (historia, urbanismo, sociología) y ubicaciones (Neuquén, Cipolletti, Villa La Angostura, San Martín de los Andes); también apela al uso de la cartografía, de las estadísticas o de la fotografía, entre otras herramientas y metodologías. Cada pieza de este Rompecabezas urbano, aun sin encajar perfectamente, le ofrece al lector una aproximación a las formas de las ciudades intermedias de la región, con especial atención en la estructura y las funciones de las desigualdades que las atraviesan. Based on a multiple metaphorical game - cities as puzzles, pieces as clues, researchers as detectives - this book offers an original look at different urban centers in Argentine Norpatagonia. With diversity as a starting point, the objective is to build, from the fragments, a totality. For this reason, this work crosses themes (public health, gentrification, perception of insecurity) and disciplines (history, urban planning, sociology); It also appeals to the use of cartography, statistics or photography, among other tools and methodologies. Each piece of this Urban Puzzle, even without fitting perfectly, offers an approximation to the shapes of the intermediate cities of the northern region of Argentine Patagonia, with special attention to the structure and functions of the inequalities that cross them.

Planning & Development --- Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary --- Political Science Public Admin. & Development --- Social Issues --- Sociology --- urbanismo --- desigualdad --- ciudades intermedias --- Patagonia --- urbanisme --- inégalité --- ville intermédiaire --- town planning --- inequality --- intermediate citie

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The present book contains five papers accepted and published in the Special Issue, “Fuzzy Natural Logic in IFSA-EUSFLAT 2021”, of the journal Mathematics (MDPI). These papers are extended versions of the contributions presented in the conference “The 19th World Congress of the International Fuzzy Systems Association and the 12th Conference of the European Society for Fuzzy Logic and Technology jointly with the AGOP, IJCRS, and FQAS conferences”, which took place in Bratislava (Slovakia) from September 19 to September 24, 2021. Fuzzy Natural Logic (FNL) is a system of mathematical fuzzy logic theories that enables us to model natural language terms and rules while accounting for their inherent vagueness and allows us to reason and argue using the tools developed in them. FNL includes, among others, the theory of evaluative linguistic expressions (e.g., small, very large, etc.), the theory of fuzzy and intermediate quantifiers (e.g., most, few, many, etc.), and the theory of fuzzy/linguistic IF–THEN rules and logical inference. The papers in this Special Issue use the various aspects and concepts of FNL mentioned above and apply them to a wide range of problems both theoretically and practically oriented. This book will be of interest for researchers working in the areas of fuzzy logic, applied linguistics, generalized quantifiers, and their applications.

Research & information: general --- Mathematics & science --- fuzzy Peterson’s syllogisms --- fuzzy intermediate quantifiers --- graded Peterson’s cube of opposition --- linguistic universals --- linguistic complexity --- evaluative expressions --- fuzzy grammar --- linguistic gradience --- linguistic constraints --- grammaticality --- sentiment analysis --- closeness --- closeness matrix --- closeness space --- function similarity --- fuzzy partition --- fuzzy transform --- preimage problem --- singular value decomposition --- evolving fuzzy neural network --- or-neuron --- auction fraud --- knowledge extraction --- n/a --- fuzzy Peterson's syllogisms --- graded Peterson's cube of opposition

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The development of new technologies and the increasing demand for mineral resources from emerging countries are responsible for significant tensions in the pricing of non-ferrous metals. Some metals have become strategic and critical because they are used in many technological applications such as flat panel TVs (indium), solar panel cells (indium), lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles (lithium, cobalt), magnets (rare earth elements, such as neodymium and dysprosium), scintillators (rare earths), and aviation and medical applications (titanium); their availabilities remain limited. The secured supply of these metals is crucial to continue producing and exporting these technologies, and because the specific properties of these metals make them essential and difficult to substitute for a given industrial application. Hydrometallurgy have the advantages of being able to process low-grade ores, to allow better control of co-products, and have a lower environmental impact providing that the hydrometallurgical route is optimized and cheap. The need to develop sustainable, efficient, and cheap processes to extract metals from complex and poor polymetallic matrices is real. The aim of this book was to highlight recent advances related to hydrometallurgy to face new challenges in metal production.

n/a --- gold recovery --- metal extraction --- secondary raw materials --- degradation --- precipitation --- yttrium --- separation --- seawater --- chloride --- chalcopyrite --- metal recovery --- electrochemistry --- solvent extraction --- rare-earth elements --- cuprite --- scandium --- leaching --- surface product --- solid-liquid extraction --- phosphoric acid --- intermediate --- ionic liquids --- mercury ions --- chromium(VI) --- competitive adsorption --- voltammetry --- titanium --- liquid-liquid extraction --- WEEE --- value chain --- fayalite --- gold cyanidation --- reusability --- recovery --- platinum group metals --- refining --- tri-n-octylamine --- red mud --- electroleaching --- Alamine® 336 --- indium --- intensification behavior --- base metal production --- bauxite residue --- hydrometallurgy --- structure --- nickel iron oxide --- pregnant thiosulfate solutions --- resin adsorption technique --- ion exchange resin --- electrodeposition --- back-extraction --- eluent

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Leptospirosis is a worldwide-distributed, re-emerging zoonosis due to the large variety of wild and domestic animal species that can play the role of natural or accidental host. Currently, specific animal species play an important role as reservoirs for particular Leptospira serovars, although recent investigations have highlighted new host–pathogen interactions involved in Leptospira epidemiology. Furthermore, the constant modification of ecosystems and wildlife habitats and the constantly increasing number of animal species moving towards urban or peri-urban areas are increasing the possibility of direct or indirect contact between wildlife and domestic animals; furthermore, the constant modification of animal leptospirosis also causes problems for human health. The studies published in this book have evidenced and confirmed the hidden role of a large variety of animal species, domestic and wild, in leptospirosis epidemiology. They highlighted the necessity for continuous monitoring and large-scale surveillance studies to better understand this neglected and re-emerging zoonosis.

Leptospirosis --- pig --- MAT --- real-time PCR --- genotyping --- epidemiology --- Australis --- canine leptospirosis --- Icterohaemorrhagiae --- multi-locus sequence typing --- leptospirosis --- zoonosis --- infectious disease --- multilocus sequence typing (MLST) --- wildlife --- Leptospira fainei --- intermediate Leptospira --- Leptospira spp. --- cattle --- abortion --- pathology --- non-maintenance serovars --- PCR --- lfb1-phylogeny --- Leptospira --- African green monkeys --- Caribbean --- renal lesions --- dog --- multilocus sequence typing --- multiple loci variable-number tandem repeat analysis --- MaxEnt --- risk map --- Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) --- climate change --- wild boar --- Sus scrofa --- African green monkey --- Chlorocebus sabeus --- vaccine --- dogs --- bovine --- new Pomona serovars --- MLST --- VNTR

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Overall, the 19 contributions in this Special Issue “Plant Responses and Tolerance to Salt Stress: Physiological and Molecular Interventions” discuss the various aspects of salt stress responses in plants. It also discusses various mechanisms and approaches to conferring salt tolerance on plants. These types of research studies provide further directions in the development of crop plants for the saline environment in the era of climate change.

CPA gene family --- RsNHX1 --- over-expression --- virus-induced gene silence --- salt resistance --- radish --- 14-3-3 gene family --- Triticum aestivum L. --- bioinformatics analysis --- salt tolerance --- protein-protein interactions --- Populus simonii × P. nigra --- PsnNAC036 --- transcription factor --- salt stress --- HT tolerance --- ion transport --- osmotic homeostasis --- hormone mediation --- cell wall regulation --- salt adaptation --- proteomics --- microtubules --- tubulin --- phenolic metabolites --- lemon balm --- chlorophyll fluorescence --- medicinal plants --- secondary metabolites --- abiotic elicitors --- salinity --- betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (BADH1) --- domestication --- cultivated rice --- wild rice --- Hordeum vulgare L. --- RNA-seq analysis --- differentially expressed genes --- tolerance --- candidate genes --- C3–CAM intermediate --- common ice plant --- Mesembryanthemum crystallinum --- osmotic stress --- abiotic stress --- antioxidant defense --- climate change --- hydrogen peroxide --- lipid peroxidation --- oxidative stress --- phytohormones --- stress signaling --- mulberry --- TMT proteomics --- phenylpropanoid metabolism --- apoplast --- functional screening --- Hordeum vulgare --- seedling --- halophyte species --- NADPH oxidases --- NOX --- respiratory burst oxidase homolog RBOH gene expression --- saline adaptations --- C2H2 zinc finger protein --- heterologous expression --- Millettia pinnata --- thaumatin-like proteins (TLPs) --- bolTLP1 --- broccoli --- drought stress --- antioxidants --- carbohydrates --- carotenoids --- xanthophyll cycle --- osmoprotectants --- ROS-scavengers --- α-/γ-tocopherols --- quantitative trait locus (QTL) --- association analysis --- marker-assisted selection (MAS) --- rice (Oryza sativa L.) --- hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase gene --- melatonin --- ROS --- ABA --- ion homeostasis --- amino acids --- Malus domestica --- calcium --- calcineurin B-like proteins --- Na+ accumulation --- n/a --- C3-CAM intermediate