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Systems studied in environmental science, due to their structure and the heterogeneity of the entities composing them, often exhibit complex dynamics that can only be captured by hybrid modeling approaches. While several concurrent definitions of “hybrid modeling” can be found in the literature, it is defined here broadly as the approach consisting in coupling existing modelling paradigms to achieve a more accurate or efficient representation of systems. The need for hybrid models generally arises from the necessity to overcome the limitation of a single modeling technique in terms of structural flexibility, capabilities, or computational efficiency. This book brings together experts in the field of hybrid modelling to demonstrate how this approach can address the challenge of representing the complexity of natural systems. Chapters cover applied examples as well as modeling methodology.Systems studied in environmental science, due to their structure and the heterogeneity of the entities composing them, often exhibit complex dynamics that can only be captured by hybrid modeling approaches. While several concurrent definitions of “hybrid modeling” can be found in the literature, it is defined here broadly as the approach consisting in coupling existing modelling paradigms to achieve a more accurate or efficient representation of systems. The need for hybrid models generally arises from the necessity to overcome the limitation of a single modeling technique in terms of structural flexibility, capabilities, or computational efficiency. This book brings together experts in the field of hybrid modelling to demonstrate how this approach can address the challenge of representing the complexity of natural systems. Chapters cover applied examples as well as modeling methodology.

system dynamics --- Multiscale integration --- simulation --- Mixed model --- hierarchical structure --- Combined approach --- machine learning --- agent-based modelling --- paradigm shift --- network

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Clay minerals are inexpensive and available materials with a wide range of applications (adsorbent, ion exchanger, support, catalyst, paper coating, ceramic, and pharmaceutical applications, among others). Clay minerals can be easily modified through acid/basic treatments, the insertion of bulky ions or pillars into the interlayer spacing, and acid treatment, improving their physicochemical properties.Considering their low cost and high availability, clay minerals display a relatively high specific surface area in such a way that they have a great potential to be used as catalytic supports, since they can disperse expensive active phases as noble metals on the porous structures of their surfaces. In addition, the low cost of these supports allows their implementation on an industrial scale more easily than other supports, which are only feasible at the laboratory scale. Hydrotalcites (considered as anionic or basic clays) are also inexpensive materials with a great potential to be used as catalysts, since their textural properties could also be modified easily through the insertion of anions in their interlayer spacing. In the same way, these hydrotalcites, formed by layered double hydroxides, can lead to their respective mixed oxides after thermal treatment. These mixed oxides are considered basic catalysts with a high surface area, so they can also be used as catalytic support.

propane dehydrogenation --- hierarchical microstructure --- reconstruction --- high selectivity --- excellent durability --- reduction atmosphere --- coke deposition --- meixnerite --- PtIn/Mg(Al)O/ZnO --- layered double hydroxides --- Cu-based catalysts --- Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 --- furfural --- furfuryl alcohol --- n/a --- CuMgFe --- hydrogenolysis of glycerol --- 1,2-propanediol --- recycled --- isobutane dehydrogenation --- MgF2 promoter --- hydrotalcite-derived composites --- supported Pt-In catalysts --- kaolin --- mesoporous --- heterogeneous catalyst --- esterification --- waste valorization

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The prefrontal cortex (PFC) plays a pivotal role in regulating our emotions. The importance of ventromedial regions in emotion regulation, including the ventral sector of the medial PFC, the medial sector of the orbital cortex and subgenual cingulate cortex, have been recognized for a long time. However, it is increasingly apparent that lateral and dorsal regions of the PFC, as well as neighbouring dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, also play a role. Defining the underlying psychological mechanisms by which these functionally distinct regions modulate emotions and the nature and extent of their interactions is a critical step towards better stratification of the symptoms of mood and anxiety disorders. It is also important to extend our understanding of these prefrontal circuits in development. Specifically, it is important to determine whether they exhibit differential sensitivity to perturbations by known risk factors such as stress and inflammation at distinct developmental epochs. This Special Issue brings together the most recent research in humans and other animals that addresses these important issues, and in doing so, highlights the value of the translational approach.

norepinephrine --- medial prefrontal cortex --- fear extinction --- emotion regulation --- emotion processing --- connectivity --- anticipatory arousal --- Pavlovian --- triadic neural systems model --- prelimbic --- development --- positive and negative --- rat --- Williams Syndrome --- psychological treatment --- glia density --- anxiety --- fMRI --- area 25 --- anhedonia --- adolescence --- adolescent --- autonomic --- amygdala --- neuron density --- neural --- prefrontal cortex --- reliability --- functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) --- networks --- cAMP --- cognitive control --- extinction --- infralimbic --- NMDA --- reward --- calcium --- stress adolescence --- BDNF --- machine learning --- negative affect --- hierarchical control --- emotion --- occasion setting --- serotonin transporter --- ventromedial prefrontal cortex --- psychophysiology --- depression --- aging --- dopamine --- age

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A wide range of ongoing research in the areas of controller design and information engineering reveals that the pace of technological change in this domain seems to be accelerating. The primary focus is on futuristic segments ranging from robotics, genomics to chemical feedstock and electrical storage. The main objective of this special issue was to provide a forum for researchers and practitioners to exchange their latest theoretical and technological achievements and to identify critical issues and challenges for future investigation on topics regarding advanced automation and control techniques based on information system technologies.

fractional calculus --- fractional-order control --- experimental tuning --- smart beam --- vibration suppression --- industrial internet of things --- prediction strategy --- proactive historian --- water industry --- lithium-ion batteries --- fast charging --- battery ageing --- sample and hold --- hierarchical clustering --- multidimensional scaling --- distances --- moving horizon estimation --- Kalman filter --- parameter estimation --- tumor growth estimation --- vibration --- control --- linear quadratic regulator (LQR) --- algebraic Riccati equation --- iteration --- state observer --- viscoelasticity --- mechatronic system --- 6DOF platform --- co-simulation platform --- robust control --- fractional order PID control --- linear parameter varying system --- n/a

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Control and automation systems are at the heart of our every day lives. This book is a collection of novel ideas and findings in these fields, published as part of the Special Issue on Control and Automation. The core focus of this issue was original ideas and potential contributions for both theory and practice. It received a total number of 21 submissions, out of which 7 were accepted. These published manuscripts tackle some novel approaches in control, including fractional order control systems, with applications in robotics, biomedical engineering, electrical engineering, vibratory systems, and wastewater treatment plants. This Special Issue has gathered a selection of novel research results regarding control systems in several distinct research areas. We hope that these papers will evoke new ideas, concepts, and further developments in the field.

fractional calculus --- fractional-order control --- experimental tuning --- smart beam --- vibration suppression --- industrial internet of things --- prediction strategy --- proactive historian --- water industry --- lithium-ion batteries --- fast charging --- battery ageing --- sample and hold --- hierarchical clustering --- multidimensional scaling --- distances --- moving horizon estimation --- Kalman filter --- parameter estimation --- tumor growth estimation --- vibration --- control --- linear quadratic regulator (LQR) --- algebraic Riccati equation --- iteration --- state observer --- viscoelasticity --- mechatronic system --- 6DOF platform --- co-simulation platform --- robust control --- fractional order PID control --- linear parameter varying system --- n/a