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In this book a novel optical switch is designed, developed, and tested. The switch integrates optical switching, transparent traffic aggregation/grooming, and optical regener-ation. Innovative switch subsystems are developed that enable these functionalities, including all-optical OTDM-to-WDM converters. High capacity ring interconnection between metro-core rings, carrying 130 Gbit/s OTDM traffic, and metro-access rings carring 43 Gbit/s WDM traffic is experimentally demonstrated. The developed switch features flexibility in bandwidth provisioning, scalability to higher traffic volumes, and backward compatibility with existing network implementations in a future-proof way.

All-Optical Regeneration --- Traffic Grooming and Aggregation --- Time Division Multiplexing --- Optical Communications --- Wavelength Division Multiplexing

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EPDF and EPUB available Open Access under CC-BY-NC-ND licence. During adolescence, young people are exposed to a range of risks beyond their family homes including sexual and criminal exploitation, peer-on-peer abuse and gang-related violence. However, it has only been over the past two decades that the critical safeguarding implications of these harms have started to be recognised. Social care organisations are increasingly experimenting with new approaches but continue to experience challenges in supporting affected young people and their families. This book analyses the results of the first rapid evidence assessment of social care organisations' responses to risks and harms outside the home across 10 countries. The authors highlight key areas for service development, give insights into how these risks and harms can be understood, and consider wider implications for policy and practice.

Social services & welfare, criminology --- Sociology --- Age groups: adolescents --- CSE; EFRH; Exploitation; Extra-familial risks and harms; Gangs; Grooming; Peer abuse; Safeguarding; Social Care; Young People

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Over the past decade, the worldwide decline in honey bee populations has been an important issue due to its implications for beekeeping and honey production. Honey bee pathologies are continuously studied by researchers, in order to investigate the host–parasite relationship and its effect on honey bee colonies. For these reasons, the interest of the veterinary community towards this issue has increased recently, and honey bee health has also become a subject of public interest. Bacteria, such as Melissococcus plutonius and Paenibacillus larvae, microsporidia, such as Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae, fungi, such as Ascosphaera apis, mites, such as Varroa destructor, predatory wasps, including Vespa velutina, and invasive beetles, such as Aethina tumida, are “old” and “new” subjects of important veterinary interest. Recently, the role of host–pathogen interactions in bee health has been included in a multifactorial approach to the study of these insects’ health, which involves a dynamic balance among a range of threats and resources interacting at multiple levels. The aim of this Special Issue is to explore honey bee health through a series of research articles that are focused on different aspects of honey bee health at different levels, including molecular health, microbial health, population genetic health, and the interaction between invasive species that live in strict contact with honey bee populations.

text-mining --- topic modeling --- colony collapse disorder --- genomics --- Varroa mite --- honey bee health --- Apis mellifera --- GABA --- beta-alanine --- oxalic acid --- diet effect --- microbiota --- bee --- silicone band --- hive --- passive sampler --- honey bee --- virus --- DWV-A --- hive products --- honey --- pollen --- wax --- Nosema ceranae --- Nosema apis --- epidemiology --- replacement --- ecoregions --- North Asia --- DNA analysis --- health --- Lotmaria passim --- Melissococcus plutonius --- pathology --- Tropilaelaps --- Varroa destructor --- honey bees --- mites --- viruses --- behavior --- social immunity --- Africanized bees --- microsatellites --- Uruguay --- honeybee --- One-Health --- nexus --- landscape --- beekeeper --- pathogens --- histopathology --- testes --- microsporidia --- Hsp70 gene --- 16S rRNA gene --- garlic --- viability --- prevalence --- infection intensity --- seasonality --- bee longevity --- bee population --- honey stores --- CCD --- mite --- reproductive rate --- worker brood --- infestation level --- longevity --- distribution --- model --- honey bee model --- grooming --- drones --- chronic bee paralysis virus --- Varroa infestation control --- nosemosis --- hairless black syndrome --- honeybee veterinary medicine --- acute bee paralysis --- chronic bee paralysis --- deformed wing virus --- varroa infestation --- honey bee losses --- viral diseases --- nosematosis --- negative pressures --- bee hive monitoring --- real-time monitoring --- sound measurement --- swarming detection --- queen bee detection --- sound analysis --- acaricides --- primer pheromone --- hydrocarbon profiles --- survival --- Nosema disease --- dark forest bee --- Apis mellifera mellifera --- microsatellite loci --- association --- gut microbiota --- gut mycobiota --- season --- Apis mellifera L. --- unicellular --- n/a