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Faience --- History. --- Fayence --- History --- Pottery --- Faience - France - History. --- European history --- tin glaze earthenware --- France

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The application of advanced techniques to the study of ancient materials has increasingly led to a range of fundamental to deeper knowledge on artistic and historic artefacts, contributing to their conservation and restoration. An important role is played by materials science: scientific techniques developed in this field allow a multidisciplinary approach in archaeology, history of art, and conservation. By studying the materials that constitute an artefact, a great amount of information relevant to a work of art can be accessed, such as the elements and compounds with which it was made and their level of degradation by the time of the examination. The final goal is the possibility of determining the chronology of the making of the various parts of a work of art, its provenance, the techniques of realization, the attribution to an author, and the method of intervention for restoration. This Special Issue collects papers dealing with the application of materials science to different types of human artefacts, such as ceramics, glass, paintings, and metal objects. The considered topics range from instrumentation and technical developments to case studies and methodological innovations, from theoretical simulations to new data handling.

characterization --- ceramic --- glaze --- tin opacified --- cuerda seca --- lead isotopes --- SEM --- ICP-QMS --- Islamic --- obsidian --- sourcing --- trade and exchange --- pXRF --- trace elements --- Italy --- central Mediterranean --- Neolithic --- prehistory --- thermoluminescence --- dating --- clay-core --- bronze statue --- Leonardo da Vinci --- drawing --- multispectral reflectography --- microprofilometry --- optical coherence tomography --- archaeological glass --- archaeometry --- VIS–RS --- SEM–EDS --- Raman spectroscopy --- XRPD --- EPMA --- LA–ICP–MS --- dice --- gaming pieces --- Ligurian --- Etruscan --- clay spheres --- n/a --- VIS-RS --- SEM-EDS --- LA-ICP-MS

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This book is a collection of papers that originated as a Special Issue, focused on some recent advances related to fiber Bragg grating-based sensors and systems. Conventionally, this book can be divided into three parts: intelligent systems, new types of sensors, and original interrogators. The intelligent systems presented include evaluation of strain transition properties between cast-in FBGs and cast aluminum during uniaxial straining, multi-point strain measurements on a containment vessel, damage detection methods based on long-gauge FBG for highway bridges, evaluation of a coupled sequential approach for rotorcraft landing simulation, wearable hand modules and real-time tracking algorithms for measuring finger joint angles of different hand sizes, and glaze icing detection of 110 kV composite insulators. New types of sensors are reflected in multi-addressed fiber Bragg structures for microwave–photonic sensor systems, its applications in load-sensing wheel hub bearings, and more complex influence in problems of generation of vortex optical beams based on chiral fiber-optic periodic structures. Original interrogators include research in optical designs with curved detectors for FBG interrogation monitors; demonstration of a filterless, multi-point, and temperature-independent FBG dynamical demodulator using pulse-width modulation; and dual wavelength differential detection of FBG sensors with a pulsed DFB laser.

Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) --- composite insulator with embedded FBGs --- glaze icing --- icing detection --- fiber Bragg grating strain sensor --- algorithm --- hand motion capture --- real-time tracking --- fiber Bragg gratings --- landing simulation --- rotorcraft --- coupled sequential method --- landing structural response --- finite element analysis (FEA) --- microwave-photonic sensor systems --- Fiber Bragg Gratings --- Addressed Fiber Bragg Structures --- Multi-Addressed Fiber Bragg Structures --- long-gauge FBG --- damage detection --- highway bridges --- vehicle–bridge interaction --- comparative study --- fiber Bragg grating --- fiber optic sensor --- dynamic chirp --- DFB laser --- chiral structures --- orbital angular momentum --- apodization --- chirp --- coupled modes theory --- FBG --- PWM --- engine --- high temperature --- ECU --- FBG demodulator --- fiber sensing --- high-speed interrogation --- dynamic strain --- microwave photonic sensor system --- numerical simulation --- addressed fiber Bragg structures --- load-sensing bearings --- vehicle dynamics control --- Fibre Bragg Gratings --- neutron diffraction --- X-ray tomography --- tensile test --- fiber Bragg grating sensors --- spectrograph --- high angular dispersion --- curved detectors --- freeform optics