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The fractal analysis is becoming a very useful tool to process obtained data from chaotic systems in geosciences. It can be used to resolve many ambiguities in this domain. This book contains eight chapters showing the recent applications of the fractal/mutifractal analysis in geosciences. Two chapters are devoted to applications of the fractal analysis in climatology, two of them to data of cosmic and solar geomagnetic data from observatories. Four chapters of the book contain some applications of the (multi-) fractal analysis in exploration geophysics. I believe that the current book is an important source for researchers and students from universities.

Fractal Analysis. --- Fractal geometric analysis --- Geometric analysis --- Fractal geometry

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Until recently, a majority of the applications of X-ray computed tomography (CT) scanning in plant sciences remained descriptive; some included a quantification of the plant materials when the root-soil isolation or branch-leaf separation was satisfactory; and a few involved the modeling of plant biology processes or the assessment of treatment or disease effects on plant biomass and structures during growth. In the last decade, repeated CT scanning of the same plants was reported in an increasing number of studies in which moderate doses of X-rays had been used. Besides the general objectives of Frontiers in Plant Science research topics, “Branching and Rooting Out with a CT Scanner” was proposed to meet specific objectives: (i) providing a non-technical update on knowledge about the application of CT scanning technology to plants, starting with the type of CT scanning data collected (CT images vs. CT numbers) and their processing in the graphical and numerical approaches; (ii) drawing the limits of the CT scanning approach, which because it is based on material density can distinguish materials with contrasting or moderately overlapping densities (e.g., branches vs. leaves, roots vs. non-organic soils) but not the others (e.g., roots vs. organic soils); (iii) explaining with a sufficient level of detail the main procedures used for graphical, quantitative and statistical analyses of plant CT scanning data, including fractal complexity measures and statistics appropriate for repeated plant CT scanning, in experiments where the research hypotheses are about biological processes such as light interception by canopies, root disease development and plant growth under stress conditions; (iv) comparing plant CT scanning with an alternative technology that applies to plants, such as the phenomics platforms which target leaf canopies; and (v) providing current and potential users of plant CT scanning with up-to-date information and exhaustive documentation, including clear perspectives and well-defined goals for the future, for them to be even more efficient or most efficient from start in their research work.

plant CT scanning data collection and analysis --- phytopathological and environmental stress applications --- plant imaging and phenotyping --- plant structural complexity and fractal geometry --- appropriate statistical methods for plant data --- Computed tomography (CT)

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Emergent quantum mechanics explores the possibility of an ontology for quantum mechanics. The resurgence of interest in ""deeper-level"" theories for quantum phenomena challenges the standard, textbook interpretation. The book presents expert views that critically evaluate the significance—for 21st century physics—of ontological quantum mechanics, an approach that David Bohm helped pioneer. The possibility of a deterministic quantum theory was first introduced with the original de Broglie-Bohm theory, which has also been developed as Bohmian mechanics. The wide range of perspectives that were contributed to this book on the occasion of David Bohm’s centennial celebration provide ample evidence for the physical consistency of ontological quantum mechanics. The book addresses deeper-level questions such as the following: Is reality intrinsically random or fundamentally interconnected? Is the universe local or nonlocal? Might a radically new conception of reality include a form of quantum causality or quantum ontology? What is the role of the experimenter agent? As the book demonstrates, the advancement of ‘quantum ontology’—as a scientific concept—marks a clear break with classical reality. The search for quantum reality entails unconventional causal structures and non-classical ontology, which can be fully consistent with the known record of quantum observations in the laboratory.

non-locality --- ultraviolet divergence --- constraints --- Kilmister equation --- bohmian mechanics --- epistemic agent --- Bohmian mechanics --- relational space --- Feynman paths --- Langevin equation --- quantum causality --- emergent quantum gravity --- quantum ontology --- interpretations --- emergent quantum state --- undecidable dynamics --- molecule interference --- emergent quantum mechanics --- no-hidden-variables theorems --- mind–body problem --- physical ontology --- quantum foundations --- matter-wave optics --- conscious agent --- diffusion constant --- Bell theorem --- Burgers equation --- objective non-signaling constraint --- self-referential dynamics --- Bell inequality --- interpretation --- photochemistry --- Born rule statistics --- sub-quantum dynamics --- dynamical chaos --- weak measurement --- p-adic metric --- Levi-Civita connection --- David Bohm --- H-theorem --- the causal arrow of time --- strong coupling --- vortical dynamics --- fundamental irreversibility --- magnetic deflectometry --- quantum thermodynamics --- de Broglie–Bohm interpretation of quantum mechanics --- wavefunction nodes --- stochastic quantum dynamics --- entropic gravity --- metrology --- Schrödinger equation --- gauge freedom --- Monte Carlo simulations --- micro-constituents --- nonequilibrium thermodynamics --- Bell’s theorem --- emergent space-time --- spin --- quantum field theory --- time-symmetry --- Gaussian-like solutions --- Hamiltonian --- number theory --- fractional velocity --- ergodicity --- fractal geometry --- atomic metastable states --- operator thermodynamic functions --- Canonical Presentation --- Retrocausation --- interpretations of quantum mechanics --- Bohm theory --- quantum mechanics --- zero-point field --- conspiracy --- pilot wave --- quantum holism --- toy-models --- curvature tensor --- Aharonov–Bohm effect --- computational irreducibility --- Stochastic Electrodynamics --- diffraction --- retrocausality --- resonances in quantum systems --- stochastic differential equations --- Bianchi identity --- past of the photon --- commutator --- relational interpretation of quantum mechanics --- free will --- nomology --- trajectories --- primitive ontology --- Mach–Zehnder interferometer --- weak values --- singular limit --- interior-boundary condition --- Poincaré recurrence --- quantum inaccessibility --- symplectic camel --- surrealistic trajectories --- observables --- Stern-Gerlach --- decoherence --- quantum non-equilibrium --- generalized Lagrangian paths --- superdeterminism --- black hole thermodynamics --- nonlocality --- measurement problem --- entropy and time evolution --- bouncing oil droplets --- spontaneous state reduction --- quantum theory --- many interacting worlds --- complex entropy. --- Turing incomputability --- iterant --- space-time fluctuations --- quantum potential --- ontological quantum mechanics --- photon trajectory --- Dove prism --- the Friedrichs model --- contextuality --- discrete calculus --- transition probability amplitude --- gravity --- pilot-wave theory --- matter-waves --- de Broglie-Bohm theory --- covariant quantum gravity --- atom-surface scattering --- de Broglie–Bohm theory