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Fire-induced smoke influences the safe evacuation of occupants and firefighters' ability to extinguish a fire. About 80% of deaths in fires were caused by toxic smoke, according to statistics. Hence, how to control smoke is of great importance in order to reduce fire hazards. In this Special Issue, the scope was to gather original, fundamental and applied research concerning experimental, theoretical, computational and case studies that contribute towards the understanding of fire-induced smoke.
Smoke prevention. --- Fire management. --- Fires --- Management, Fire --- Prevention of smoke --- Smoke --- Smoke abatement --- Fume control --- Nuisances --- Sanitation --- Management --- Prevention
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This open access book synthesizes current information on wildland fire smoke in the United States, providing a scientific foundation for addressing the production of smoke from wildland fires. This will be increasingly critical as smoke exposure and degraded air quality are expected to increase in extent and severity in a warmer climate. Accurate smoke information is a foundation for helping individuals and communities to effectively mitigate potential smoke impacts from wildfires and prescribed fires. The book documents our current understanding of smoke science for (1) primary physical, chemical, and biological issues related to wildfire and prescribed fire, (2) key social issues, including human health and economic impacts, and (3) current and anticipated management and regulatory issues. Each chapter provides a summary of priorities for future research that provide a roadmap for developing scientific information that can improve smoke and fire management over the next decade.
Natural disasters --- Ecological science, the Biosphere --- Forestry & silviculture: practice & techniques --- Pollution & threats to the environment --- Life sciences: general issues --- Mathematics & science --- Wildland Fire and Smoke --- Global Warming and Climate Change --- Smoke Plumes --- Fire related Physical, Chemical and Biological Issues --- Smoke and Fire Management --- Smoke Impacts from Wild and Planned Fires
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Globally, fire regimes are being altered by changing climatic conditions and land use changes. This has the potential to drive species extinctions and cause ecosystem state changes, with a range of consequences for ecosystem services. Accurate prediction of the risk of forest fires over short timescales (weeks or months) is required for land managers to target suppression resources in order to protect people, property, and infrastructure, as well as fire-sensitive ecosystems. Over longer timescales, prediction of changes in forest fire regimes is required to model the effect of wildfires on the terrestrial carbon cycle and subsequent feedbacks into the climate system.This was the motivation to publish this book, which is focused on quantifying and modelling the risk factors of forest fires. More specifically, the chapters in this book address four topics: (i) the use of fire danger metrics and other approaches to understand variation in wildfire activity; (ii) understanding changes in the flammability of live fuel; (iii) modeling dead fuel moisture content; and (iv) estimations of emission factors.The book will be of broad relevance to scientists and managers working with fire in different forest ecosystems globally.
fire danger rating --- fire management --- fire regime --- fire size --- fire weather --- Portugal --- critical LFMC threshold --- forest/grassland fire --- radiative transfer model --- remote sensing --- southwest China --- acid rain --- aerosol --- biomass burning --- forest fire --- PM2.5 --- direct estimation --- meteorological factor regression --- moisture content --- time lag --- forest fire driving factors --- forest fire occurrence --- random forest --- forest fire management --- China --- Cupressus sempervirens --- fire risk --- fuels --- fuel moisture content --- mass loss calorimeter --- Seiridium cardinale --- vulnerability to wildfires --- disease --- alien pathogen --- allochthonous species --- introduced fungus --- drying tests --- humidity diffusion coefficients --- wildfire --- prescribed burning --- modeling --- drought --- flammability --- fuel moisture --- leaf water potential --- plant traits --- climate change --- MNI --- fire season --- fire behavior --- crown fire --- fire modeling --- senescence --- foliar moisture content --- canopy bulk density --- fire danger --- fire weather patterns --- RCP --- FWI system --- SSR --- occurrence of forest fire --- machine learning --- variable importance --- prediction accuracy --- epicormic resprouter --- eucalyptus --- fire severity --- flammability feedbacks --- temperate forest --- n/a
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Each year, disasters such as storms, floods, fires, volcanoes, earthquakes, and epidemics cause thousands of casualties and tremendous damage to property around the world, displacing tens of thousands of people from their homes and destroying their livelihoods. The majority of these casualties and property loss could be prevented if better information were available regarding the onset and course of such disasters. Several remote sensing technologies, such as meteorological and Earth observation satellites, communication satellites, and satellite-based positioning, supported by geoinformation technologies, offer the potential to contribute to improved prediction and monitoring of potential hazards, risk mitigation, and disaster management which, in turn, would lead to sharp reductions in losses to life and property. This book explores most of the scientific issues related to spatially supported disaster management and its integration with geographical information system technologies in different disaster examples and scales. Dealing with disasters over space and time represents a long-lasting theme, now approached by means of innovative techniques and modelling approaches. Several priorities for actions are outlined toward preventing new and reduce existing disaster risks, including understanding disaster risk, strengthening disaster risk governance for management of disaster risk, investing in disaster reduction for resilience, and enhancing disaster preparedness for effective response. This book presents ideas to address the challenges facing different components of spatial patterns related to ecological processes, and the published articles extended versions of selected presentations from the Gi4DM Conference in 2019 in Prague.
mapping impact --- tidal flood --- hydrodynamic model --- solar salt farming --- drone --- computer vision --- point clouds --- machine learning --- CNN --- GAN --- first responder --- RECONASS --- INACHUS --- multi-hazard --- susceptibility mapping --- developing urban settlements --- landslide --- flood --- logistic regression --- Mamdani fuzzy algorithm --- M-AHP --- cartographic symbols --- map symbology --- crisis map --- comparative analysis --- taxonomy --- graphic design --- availability --- promulgation --- sharing --- standardisation --- Black sea --- sea level change --- tide gauge --- satellite altimetry --- GNSS --- post-fire management --- forest regeneration --- fire severity mapping --- multispectral imagery --- Sentinel-2A --- unmanned aerial vehicles --- Parrot SEQUOIA --- climate change --- fuzzy logic --- GIS, household --- Index method --- sea level rise --- vulnerability --- n/a
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